Fig. 3.

Effects of acrolein and E-cigarette condensate on RAW 264.7 macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated for 3 days with solvent (1% DMSO, named control) or different concentrations of acrolein in DMSO (0.33, 1, 3.3, 10, 33 µM) (A) or E-cigarette condensate (1:150, 1:100, 1:75, 1:50, 1:25) (C). Pictures were taken each day as representative images. The viable cells were counted using a haemocytometer. The data are shown as mean ± range from n = 4 independent experiments. B The oxidative burst in whole cells after acrolein incubation is shown both with full kinetic traces and at the time point when traces hit a plateau (35 min). Data at the 35-min point are shown as mean ± range from n = 4 pooled samples. D The oxidative burst in whole cells after E-cigarette condensate incubation is shown both with full kinetic traces and at the last time point (60 min) as mean ± range from n = 4 independent experiments. Error bars in the kinetic traces in panels B and D represent SD. Conventional 1-way ANOVA analysis was performed for all jitter plots. Significance is indicated as *, **, *** and **** when p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 respectively