Table 2.

Detailed features of three identified indices that measure preparedness, vulnerability, or resilience at the local/community level and were applicable to any type of outbreak.

	Domains or Constructs	Data Types	Index Calculation	Data Availability	Application	Most Recent Data
Rapid Urban Health Security Assessment (RUHSA) (Boyce & Katz, 2020)	The focus is on cities and municipalities and the included domains are: Prevention, Detection, Response, and Other Considerations	A framework and data are to be collected by cities. Questions are scored by evaluators on a 1–3 Likert scale. Indicators have detailed explanations for users to help score each value.	Each capacity is meant to be assessed individually; however, categories (domains) can be summed or scored.	Data are not currently collected across wide regions. Cities and municipalities can use this framework to collect data.	The framework was framework presented at the 2019 Annual Summit of the Global Parliament of Mayors and the tool is available for local municipalities to use.	Given how new the tool is there is limited data on its application within cities and municipalities.
Hospital Medical Surge Preparedness Index (HMSPI) (Marcozzi et al., 2020)	The focus is on hospitals and health care centers and the included domains are: Prevention, Space, Staff, Supplies, and Systems	Most of the data are counts of staff, beds, and equipment/supplies but also include measures of size as well as binary and ordinal questions related to systems, planning, and coordination.	Since different questions can produce different values or data ranges, individual item scores were normalized and then sub-domain scores were normalized. A total score was calculated and then the score is then meant to be per capita ratios for each geographic unit (hospital catchment area). This is calculated as the Score per unit divided by the total population in the service area of that unit.	Data are collected from the American Hospital Association’s (AHA) annual survey, as well as data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Dartmouth Atlas Project.	The sample used for the initial index used local hospital level data from 6,239 hospitals across all 50 states.	The most recent data provided within the articles included used AHA data from 2005 to 2014
Neighborhood Pandemic Resilience Index (NPRI) (Lak et al., 2021).	The focus is on neighborhoods and the included domains are: Prevention, Physical, Infrastructural, Socio-economic, and Environmental	Most of the indicators are either percentage of the population, counts of the population, amounts of exposures and ratios of the population.	Individual indicators are normalized and weighted. Scores are calculated based on based on their standard deviations from the mean.	Uses 2017 population and housing census data of Tehran.	The initial application so far has been in Tehran.	The most recent version uses 2017 population and housing census data of Tehran