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. 2023 Jun 13;9:56. doi: 10.1038/s41421-023-00546-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Schematic diagram of the synthetic indicators for Ca²⁺ based on circularly permuted SmFPs. The synthetic indicators consist of the calmodulin binding peptide (CBP), cpSNAP_f, and calmodulin (CaM). b Chemical structures of fluorophores for the synthetic calcium indicators. Fluorescence of the synthetic calcium indicators in the Ca²⁺-free and Ca²⁺-bound states was shown. c, d Excitation spectra (c) and emission spectrum (d) of the synthetic calcium indicators. e Ca²⁺ titration of the synthetic calcium indicators at pH 7.4. Protein concentrations were 100 nM. Error bars are standard deviations, n = 3. f, g SiCa485 (f) and SiCa675 (g) reported Ca²⁺ dynamics in single HeLa cells treated with histamine. Scale bars, 10 μm.