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. 2023 Jun 13;14:3502. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38922-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Condensed metaphase chromosomes show line-like CENH3 immuno-signals on the poleward surface of each chromatid, b from telomere to telomere. c Microtubules attach to the poleward surface of both chromatids. d Localization of CENH3 and tubulin sites. The enlargement shows the colocalization between CENH3 and microtubules. e CENH3 signals cluster in chromocenters of the interphase nucleus. c, d were taken by super-resolution microscopy (SIM). Chromosomes and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. f Transmission electron micrograph of a C. japonica interphase nucleus. Electron-dense heterochromatic chromocenters (HC) are often located in the proximity of the double-layered nuclear membrane (further enlarged insert, arrows). NU, nucleolus. g The number of CENH3 signal clusters per interphase nucleus counted in 2D (n = 30) and 3D (n = 12) image stacks. Red dots show the average number. a–f At least two independent experiments were carried out to confirm the reproducibility of the labeling patterns. g Source data are provided as a Source Data file.