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. 2023 Jun 13;14:3496. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39119-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Representative flow histograms showing the expression of STn on leukemia cell lines (K562 and Jurkat), compared to unstimulated (unstim) or activated human T cells. b Representative histograms of SNA and MAL II lectin binding to the surface of unstimulated or activated T cells. The general glycan structure recognized by SNA and MAL II lectins is drawed using the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG). Sialic acid with magenta rhomboid, galactose (Gal) with yellow circle and N-acetylglucosamine (GalNAc) with blue square. c The binding of lectins (SNA or MAL II) to CD8⁺ or CD4⁺ T cells before and after activation was quantified by flow cytometry (SNA CD8⁺: p < 0.0001, SNA CD4⁺: p < 0.0001,MAL II CD8⁺: p < 0.0001, MAL II CD4⁺: p < 0.0001, n = 4 donors). d Bar graphs representing the binding of SNA and MAL II lectins to activated T cells after preincubation with Siglec-15 or IgG-Fc control (SNA CD8⁺: p = 0.0047, SNA CD4⁺: p = 0.0002,MAL II CD8⁺: p = 0.0006, MAL II CD4⁺: p = 0.002, n = 4 donors). e Representative flow cytometric histograms (left) and pooled data (right) of Siglec-15-Fc binding after pan-deglycosylation (De-glyco) treatment of human CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells (CD4⁺: p = 0.0005, CD8⁺: 0.0007, n = 4 donors). f Representative histograms of Siglec-15-Fc binding after desialylation with Neuraminidase A (Neur A) of human CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells measured by flow cytometry (n = 4 donors). g Representative flow cytometric histograms (left) and pooled data (right) showing the binding of Siglec-15-Fc to human CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells treated with Neuraminidase S (Neur S) (CD4⁺: 0.007, CD8⁺: 0.011, n = 7 donors). h Representative histograms (top) and pooled data (bottom) of Siglec-15-Fc R143A binding to activated CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells (CD4⁺: 0.0002, CD8⁺: 0.0003, n = 4 healthy donors). Secondary control means that only an anti-Fc detector antibody, but not recombinant Fc-chimera protein was added to the sample. Error bars denote SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001) as determined by two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.