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. 2023 Jun 13;14:3286. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38238-6

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2023

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Fig. 10 — a In the HIV− SardiNIA cohort, 75 immune traits categorized into four groups. Within each group, traits were clustered into signatures according to whether their levels were higher or lower with IHG-III or IHG-IV, after controlling for age and sex; by age in older or younger persons with IHG-I or IHG-II, after controlling for sex; both; or neither. cDC, conventional dendritic cells. Arrows indicate significant difference at P < 1.67E-4; ND indicates no significant difference at P < 1.67E-4. Two arrows indicate both comparisons for IHG-I vs. IHG-III and IHG-II vs. IHG-IV or age within IHG-I and IHG-II are significant, one arrow indicates only one of the comparisons for IHG status or age is significant. b Representative traits by age in persons with IHG-I or IHG-II and by IHG status. Comparisons for the indicated traits were made between IHG-I vs. IHG-III and IHG-II vs. IHG-IV to mitigate the confounding effects of higher and lower CD4⁺ counts, respectively. Trait levels (y-axis) were normalized using inverse normal transformations with values ranging from −3 to 3; boxplots show covariate-adjusted residuals. Median number of individuals evaluated by IHG status and age within IHG-I or IHG-II. ns nonsignificant. c Linear regression was used to analyze the association between log₂ transformed cell counts (outcome) with age and IHG status (predictors). The linear model was used to generate the fitted lines and 95% confidence bands and significance was determined by likelihood ratio test. FDR, false discovery rate P values adjusted for multiple comparisons. d Model differentiating features of processes associated with lower immune status that occur due to aging or via erosion of IR. SAS-1, survival-associated signature-1; MAS-1, mortality-associated signature-1. For box plots: center line, median; box, interquartile range (IQR); whiskers, rest of the data distribution and outliers greater than ±1.5 × IQR are represented as points. Two-sided tests were used. Statistics are outlined in Supplementary Information Section 11.3.10., P values are in Supplementary Data 14, and Source data are provided as a Source Data file.