Table 2.
Number of participants commenting on each theme of coping strategies in the questionnaire survey.
| Theme | Sub-theme | Number (and percentage) of participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P1-P5 | ||
| Mental strategies | Positive thinking/self-talk | 6 (15.8) | 9 (23.7) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (2.6) | 15 (39.5) |
| Concentration | 1 (2.6) | 3 (7.9) | 6 (15.8) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (31.6) | |
| Avoidance behaviors | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | |
| Ritualized behaviors | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | |
| Total | 8 (21.1) | 12 (31.6) | 10 (26.3) | 6 (15.8) | 1 (2.6) | 22 (57.9) | |
| Physical strategies | Breathing | 0 (0.0) | 8 (21.1) | 5 (13.2) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (36.8) |
| Sleep/rest | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (10.5) | 7 (18.4) | |
| Exercise | 0 (0.0) | 6 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (15.8) | |
| Wiping sweat | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | |
| Keeping hands/body warm | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | |
| Diet | 2 (5.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 4 (10.5) | |
| General physical conditioning | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (5.3) | |
| Massage | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | |
| Body posture | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.6) | |
| Total | 4 (10.5) | 19 (50.0) | 6 (15.8) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (13.2) | 24 (63.2) | |
| Performance strategies | Content of practice | 15 (39.5) | 11 (28.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (13.2) | 13 (34.2) | 24 (63.2) |
| Amount of practice | 11 (28.9) | 3 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 15 (39.5) | |
| Performing techniques | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (26.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (26.3) | |
| Mental rehearsal | 2 (5.3) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (10.5) | |
| Total | 26 (68.4) | 15 (39.5) | 10 (26.3) | 5 (13.2) | 15 (39.5) | 35 (92.1) | |
The values in parentheses show the percentages of participants within the present sample. The bold “Total” values indicate the numbers (and percentages) of participants commenting on at least one of the sub-themes for each theme. The bold “P1-P5” values indicate the numbers (and percentages) of participants commenting for at least one of the time periods. P1, time period 1 (from the beginning of the preparation for a public performance until the day before the performance); P2, time period 2 (from the morning of the performance day until shortly before going onstage); P3, time period 3 (during the public performance); P4, time period 4 (from shortly after going offstage until the end of the performance day); P5, time period 5 (from the next day of the performance until shortly before the next public performance).