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. 2023 May 31;38(3):e512. doi: 10.5001/omj.2023.19

Table 1. Disease staging of malignant otitis externa (MOE).3.

Stages Description
1 Clinical evidence of MOE with infection of the soft tissues beyond the EAC, but negative Tc-99 bone scan findings
2 Soft tissue infection beyond the EAC with positive Tc-99 bone scan findings
3a As above, but with paralysis of a single cranial nerve
3b As above, but with paralysis of multiple cranial nerves
4 Meningitis, empyema, sinus thrombosis, or brain abscesses

EAC: external auditory canal; Tc-99: technetium-99.