FIGURE 3.

Ways of TCM to treat hypertension by regulating intestinal microecology. Hypertension patients with intestinal microecology disorder, intestinal barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota imbalance, resulting in abnormal production of gut microbiota metabolites (SCFAs, TMAO, BAs, H₂S, and LPS). Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota cross the intestinal barrier into the blood vessels, and they reach the whole body through blood circulation to affect organ function and then affect BP. On the one hand, TCM improves BP by improving intestinal barrier function, increasing intestinal tight junction protein and reducing intestinal permeability. On the other hand, it regulates BP by improving gut microbiota disorders and regulating gut microbiota metabolites (SCFAs, TMAO, BAs, H₂S, and LPS).