TABLE 2.

Racial representation of research participants included in clinical drug trials published by Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics or Clinical and Translational Science in 2000–2001 and 2020–2021.

Race	2000–2001					2020–2021
	n	Study population, %	Reference population, %	RR	RQ	n	Study population, %	Reference population, %	RR	RQ
All countries
White	3651	71.5	75.1	0.95	0.36	9730	61.2	61.3	1.00	0.27
Black		8.3	9.7	0.86			18.7	9.9	1.89
Asian		5.8	8.2	0.71			9.7	11.6	0.84
Hispanic		12.0	1.0	12.0			5.2	0.1	52.0
Native American		0.6	1.1	0.55			0.2	1.0	0.20
Canada
White	36	100.0	66.0	1.52	0.00	80	71.3	52.9	1.35	0.83
Black		0.0		‐			11.2		‐
Asian		0.0		‐			17.5	12.5	1.40
Hispanic		0.0		‐			0.0		‐
Native American		0.0	2.0	0.00			0.0	2.6	0.00
China
White	26	0.0	0.0	‐	0.00	128	0.0	0.0	‐	0.00
Black		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
Asian		100.0	100.0	1.00			100.0	100.0	1.00
Hispanic		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
Native American		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
Germany
White	32	100.0	91.5	1.09	0.00	156	96.8	89.1	1.09	0.32
Black		0.0		‐			0.6		‐
Asian		0.0		‐			2.6		‐
Hispanic		0.0		‐			0.0		‐
Native American		0.0		‐			0.0		‐
Japan
White	157	0.0	0.0	‐	0.00	84	0.0		‐	0.00
Black		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0		‐
Asian		100.0	100.0	1.00			100.0	98.9	1.01
Hispanic		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0		‐
Native American		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0		‐
South Korea
White	20	50.0	0.0	‐	0.00	342	0.0	0.0	‐	0.00
Black		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
Asian		50.0	100.0	0.50			100.0	100.0	1.00
Hispanic		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
Native American		0.0	0.0	‐			0.0	0.0	‐
United States
White	2212	64.9	77.1	0.84	0.85	7451	62.1	61.6	1.01	0.96
Black		12.6	12.9	0.98			23.3	12.4	1.88
Asian		0.9	4.2	0.21			2.7	6.0	0.45
Hispanic		18.8		‐			6.7		‐
Native American		0.0	1.8	0.00			0.2	1.3	0.15

Abbreviations: n, number; RR, representation ratio; RQ, representation quotient.