Table 3.

Comparison of paralysis rates induced by abamectin formulations against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Codea	Paralysis rate (%)
	0.6 μg/ml	0.06 μg/ml	0.015 μg/ml	0.0075 μg/ml	0.006 μg/ml
A	98.6 ± 0.9 a	85.7 ± 6.1 dc	82.6 ± 3.2 b	43.7 ± 10.9 b	8.7 ± 6.6 bc
B	100 ± 0 a	99.4 ± 1.3 a	92.3 ± 3.7 a	3.6 ± 1.8 ij	2 ± 2.2 cd
C	71.2 ± 5.4 de	64.7 ± 13.9 g	27.6 ± 8.2 hi	6.8 ± 3.3 ij	1.9 ± 2.4 cd
D	98.2 ± 1.3 a	97.1 ± 1.8 ab	77.6 ± 12.1 bc	9.6 ± 4.3 hij	0 ± 0 d
E	91.7 ± 5.3 b	79.8 ± 10.7 de	56.6 ± 20.2 ef	13.1 ± 8.7 ghi	6 ± 6.3 cd
F	89.4 ± 4.3 b	89.4 ± 2.9 bc	80 ± 3.9 bc	14.9 ± 5.6 fghi	0.7 ± 0.8 d
G	75.8 ± 4.2 d	63.1 ± 6.8 g	45 ± 17 g	6.8 ± 8.8 ij	4.1 ± 2.5 cd
H	90.8 ± 1.3 b	79.8 ± 3.5 de	64.5 ± 9 de	30.1 ± 28.7 cde	4.2 ± 3.7 cd
I	90.1 ± 2.1 b	81.2 ± 3.5 de	69.7 ± 11.1 cd	65 ± 16.7 a	16.4 ± 14.4 a
J	69.9 ± 6 efg	62.2 ± 6.6 g	55.5 ± 6.5 efg	8.2 ± 4.6 ij	1.3 ± 1.3 cd
K	65.1 ± 12 fgh	64.8 ± 13.8 g	49.4 ± 14.5 fg	24.3 ± 17.1 def	16.4 ± 16.2 a
L	68.5 ± 6.5 ef	64.9 ± 4.4 g	16.4 ± 5.9 j	0.8 ± 0.8 j	0.1 ± 0.4 d
M	75.8 ± 6.2 d	68.3 ± 7.6 fg	45.7 ± 5 g	22.7 ± 5.7 defg	7.6 ± 5.2 cd
N	67.5 ± 9.9 efg	66.4 ± 13.5 g	53.2 ± 16.8 fg	32.7 ± 14. 1cd	20.8 ± 16.5 a
O	62.9 ± 2.9 gh	49.9 ± 11.7 h	22.2 ± 6.6 hij	12.7 ± 4.3 ghi	3.3 ± 2.8 cd
P	75.6 ± 3.4 d	67.1 ± 5 fg	31.5 ± 6.5 h	14.2 ± 6.3 fghi	2.3 ± 1.1 cd
Q	97.9 ± 0.9 a	93.5 ± 2.5 abc	76 ± 3.4 bc	47 ± 5.5 b	18.4 ± 2.2 a
R	65.8 ± 8.1 efg	53.6 ± 10.7 h	32.8 ± 12.9 h	20.3 ± 7.3 efgh	0.9 ± 0.8 d
S	59.9 ± 6.3 h	47.9 ± 6 h	19.8 ± 4.6 ij	7.5 ± 5.7 ij	0.9 ± 1.1 d
T	50.7 ± 5.8 i	35.9 ± 7.5 i	28.4 ± 5.3 hi	10.5 ± 2.6 hij	1.1 ± 1.3 d
U	83.5 ± 3.7 c	74.7 ± 3 ef	53.2 ± 6 fg	37.6 ± 6 bc	14.3 ± 2.6 ab
Control	0 ± 0 j	0 ± 0 j	0 ± 0 k	0 ± 0 j	0 ± 0 d

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

^aFormulation R and T contain abamectin 1.6% (application rates: 0.53, 0.053, 0.01325, 0.0066, and 0.0053). Paralysis rate data were analyzed after 24 h. Mean values followed by the same letters indicate similar groups (Tukey’s honestly significant difference, P < 0.05) (n = 8).