TABLE 3.
Physical comorbidities for the total sample and subsamples of bipolar I disorder versus bipolar II disorder
| Total sample (max N = 963) | BD‐I (max N = 714, 74.1%) | BD‐II (max N = 249, 25.9%) | p‐value (Fisher exact) | Controlled for study cohort a t‐value, p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular comorbidity | N = 928 | N = 690 | N = 238 | 0.821 | 0.347, 0.729 |
| Yes | 45.6% (423) | 45.4% (313) | 46.2% (110) | ||
| No | 54.4% (505) | 54.6% (377) | 53.8% (128) | ||
| Respiratory comorbidity | N = 861 | N = 647 | N = 214 | 0.327 | 0.960, 0.337 |
| Yes | 36.8% (317) | 35.9% (232) | 39.7% (85) | ||
| No | 63.2% (544) | 64.1% (415) | 60.3% (129) | ||
| Gastrointestinal comorbidity | N = 749 | N = 554 | N = 195 | 0.777 | 0.613, 0.540 |
| Yes | 26.3% (197) | 26.0% (144) | 27.2% (53) | ||
| No | 73.7% (552) | 74.0% (410) | 72.8% (142) | ||
| Hepatic/Pancreatic comorbidity | N = 747 | N = 552 | N = 195 | 0.644 | 1.096, 0.274 |
| Yes | 7.9% (59) | 7.6% (42) | 8.7% (17) | ||
| No | 92.1% (688) | 92.4% (510) | 91.3% (178) | ||
| Renal comorbidity | N = 629 | N = 492 | N = 137 | 1.000 | 0.184, 0.854 |
| Yes | 7.9% (50) | 7.9% (39) | 8.0% (11) | ||
| No | 92.1% (579) | 92.1% (453) | 92.0% (126) | ||
| Genito‐urinary comorbidity | N = 541 | N = 427 | N = 114 | 0.448 | −0.944, 0.346 |
| Yes | 22.4% (121) | 23.2% (99) | 19.3% (22) | ||
| No | 77.6% (420) | 76.8% (328) | 80.7% (92) | ||
| Musculoskeletal comorbidity | N = 789 | N = 584 | N = 205 | 0.742 | 0.146, 0.884 |
| Yes | 41.7% (329) | 42.1% (246) | 40.5% (83) | ||
| No | 58.3% (460) | 57.9% (338) | 59.5% (122) | ||
| Endocrine comorbidity | N = 930 | N = 691 | N = 239 | 1.000 | 0.494, 0.622 |
| Yes | 36.1% (336) | 36.2% (250) | 36.0% (86) | ||
| No | 63.9% (594) | 63.8% (441) | 64.0% (153) |
Abbreviations: BD, bipolar disorder; BD‐I, bipolar I disorder; BD‐II, bipolar II disorder.
Note: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
a
Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) using a binomial probability distribution with a logit link function and random effect of study cohort with outcome BD subtype.