Table 3.
Significant findings of the comparison of URiM-focused pathway programs versus non-URiM-focused pathway programs obtained from May to July 2021 a using chi-square test.
| Variable | URiM—no n! (%) |
URiM—yes n (%) |
P value | Odds ratio (CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequate website information b | 61/326 (18.7) | 80/299 (26.8) | .017* | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) | |
| GPA requirement | 38/326 (11.7) | 62/299 (20.7) | .002 | 2.0 (1.3-3.1) | |
| Fee required | 59/188 (31.4) | 18/183 (9.8) | <.001 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | |
| Medical school outcomes | 17/37 (45.9) | 36/50 (72) | .016* | 3.0 (1.2-7.4) | |
| MCAT prep/admissions offered | 16/326 (4.9) | 45/299 (15.1) | <.001 | 3.4 (1.9-6.2) | |
| Mentoring offered | 147/326 (45.1) | 199/299 (66.6) | <.001 | 2.4 (1.8-3.4) | |
| Oversight by diversity department | 106/236 (44.9) | 145/232 (62.5) | <.001 | 2.0 (1.4-3.0) | |
| Currently active | 204/252 (81) | 215/238 (91) | .003 | 2.2 (1.3-3.7) | |
| AAMC website listed | 54/326 (16.6) | 95/298 (31.9) | <.001 | 2.4 (1.6-3.4) | |
| Stipend available | 106/228 (46.5) | 135/226 (59.7) | .005 | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | |
| Undergraduate pathway programs | 149/326 (45.7) | 183/298 (61.4) | <.001 | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) | |
! In each row the numerator is the number of programs positive for the variable and the denominator is the total number of programs reporting the variable. *The P value or odds ratio did not meet the a priori decision of P value of < .01 and an odds ratio of at least 1.5 or 0.8 as significant.
a The cross-sectional data from the AAMC website was obtained from May 14 to 25, 2021. The data on medical school websites was extracted from June 29 to July 16, 2021. Medical schools were called from June 29 to July 16, 2021. A total of 658 pathway programs were reviewed. Please note many values do not add up to 658 due to missing values.
b Adequate website information (75th percentile or more) was achieving 20 or more of the following categories: Website information categories included: (1) stipend available, (2) focus of program, (3) education level targeted, (4) eligibility requirements, (5) school department with oversight over the pathway program, (6) program length, (7) program funding, (8) fee requirements, (9) GPA requirements, (10) year started, (11) if program was active, (12) if program was virtual or in-person, (13) number of students, (14) demographics of students, (15) goals of the program, (16) mentoring offered, (17) health coursework offered, (18) research offered, (19) networking offered, (20) shadowing offered, (21) MCAT preparation offered, (22) program teachers/instructors categories, (23) outcomes of the program, (24) program location, (25) administrator title, (26) contact email, and (27) contact phone number.
Abbreviations: AAMC, Association of American Medical Colleges; CI, 95% confidence interval; GPA, Grade Point Average; MCAT, Medical College Admission test; URiM, Underrepresented in Medicine (as defined by each program).