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. 2023 Jun 7;26(1):359. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12058

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Copyright: © Gao et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Model for CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis alleviating IDD progression. HNPC-derived CX3CL1 binds to monocyte CX3CR1 that leads to monocyte migration and M2 macrophage polarization via RhoA and JAK2/STAT3 signaling, respectively. M2-like macrophage promotes the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines from HNPCs and M2 macrophage-secreted CCL17 to inhibit apoptosis of HNPCs. CX3CL1, CX3C chemokine ligand 1; CX3CR1, CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1; IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration; HNPCs, human nucleus pulposus cells; RhoA, Ras homolog family member A; CCL17, C-C motif chemokine ligand 17.