Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Characteristic | Data |
|---|---|
| Use of medication: n (%) | |
| Pharmacological | 212 (53.8) |
| Non-pharmacological | 182 (46.2) |
| Intervention type: n (%) | |
| Educational | 40 (10.2) |
| Mobile health | 55 (14.0) |
| Counseling | 96 (24.4) |
| Electronic | 15 (3.8) |
| Change in healthcare delivery | 182 (46.2) |
| Incentives | 17 (4.3) |
| Peer support | 13 (3.3) |
| Psychotherapy | 40 (10.2) |
| Outreach | 23 (5.8) |
| Type of trial: n (%) | |
| Factorial | 15 (3.8) |
| Multi-arm | 79 (20.1) |
| Crossover | 23 (5.8) |
| Income level: n (%) | |
| High | 164 (42.6) |
| Upper middle | 62 (15.7) |
| Lower middle | 65 (16.5) |
| Low | 34 (8.6) |
| Mixed | 69 (17.5) |
| WHO region: n (%) | |
| Africa | 127 (32.2) |
| Americas | 124 (31.5) |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 6 (1.5) |
| Europe | 43 (11.9) |
| South East Asia | 17 (4.3) |
| Western Pacific | 14 (3.6) |
| Mixed | 63 (16.0) |
| Participant type: n (%) | |
| Black people | 39 (10.0) |
| Men who have sex with men | 21 (5.3) |
| Women | 65 (16.5) |
| Youth | 24 (6.1) |
| People who inject drugs | 25 (6.3) |
| Prisoners | 9 (2.3) |
| Transgender people | 2 (0.5) |
| Children | 18 (4.6) |
| Participant comorbidities: n (%) | |
| TB | 22 (5.6) |
| Mental health | 14 (3.6) |
| Substance use | 34 (8.6) |
| Cancer | 6 (1.5) |
| Source of funding: n (%) | |
| Industry alone | 45 (11.4) |
| Non-industry | 300 (76.1) |
| Both | 20 (7.4) |
| Trial sites | |
| Single center | 125 (31.7) |
| Multi-center | 269 (66.3) |
| Trial sites: median (Q1; Q3)* | 3 (1;7) |
| Duration of follow-up (months): mean (SD) | 11.2 (9.7) |
*Q1: quartile 1; Q3: quartile 3