Table 2.
Summary of estimates for feasibility outcomes
| Subgroup | Recruitment | Randomization | Intervention not received as planned | Lost to follow-up | Discontinued | Analyzed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n; % (95% CI) | n; % (95% CI) | n; % (95% CI) | n; % (95% CI) | n; % (95% CI) | n; % (95% CI) | |
| Use of medication | ||||||
| Pharmacological | 72; 69.5 (61.6, 76.9) | 89; 98.3 (97.0, 99) | 121; 2.7 (1.7, 4.0) | 134; 3.7 (2.8, 4.6) | 126; 7.9 (6.6, 9.3) | 198; 94.9 (93.2, 96.4) |
| Non-pharmacological | 84; 59.3 (50.9, 67.4) | 99; 95.8 (93.0, 98.0) | 95; 5.3 (3.6, 7.4) | 117; 8.8 (7.1, 10.7) | 89; 4.6 (3.2, 6.3) | 172; 93.3 (91.5, 94.8) |
| Type of intervention | ||||||
| Educational | 14; 55.4 (42.6, 67.8) | 15; 94.4 (79.1, 100.0) | 20; 6.0 (1.4, 13.4) | 29; 15.0 (10.9, 19.6) | 20; 7.4 (3.5, 12.5) | 38; 92.5 (88.4, 95.8) |
| Mobile health | 28; 63.9 (52.3, 74.6) | 31; 93.2 (85.0, 98.4) | 27; 3.7 (1.6, 6.7) | 34; 8.7 (5.5, 12.5) | 26; 7.4 (3.9, 11.9) | 52; 93.4 (90.1, 96.2) |
| Counseling | 41; 57.6 (48.1, 66.8) | 51; 95.8 (91.4, 98.8) | 47; 5.3 (2.3, 9.3) | 58; 10.2 (7.6, 13.2) | 43; 5.3 (3.1, 8.0) | 92; 94.9 (92.7, 96.7) |
| Electronic | 8; 72.8 (53.8, 88.2) | 8; 97.3 (90.5, 100.0) | 7; 7.9 (1.4, 18.4) | 11; 11.0 (4.4, 20.1) | 9; 6.4 (2.1, 12.6) | 15; 89.0 (81.9, 94.6) |
| Change in healthcare delivery | 81; 67.2 (60.2, 73.8) | 94; 98.4 (97.3, 99.2) | 105; 2.5 (1.5, 3.7) | 119; 3.9 (3.0, 5.0) | 115; 7.3 (6.0, 8.6) | 174; 95.9 (94.3, 97.3) |
| Incentives | 8; 47.1 (22.6, 72.5) | 8; 86.8 (54.5, 100.0) | 8; 1.4 (0.0, 5.5) | 9; 8.2 (1.4, 19.5) | 9; 6.1 (1.9, 12.3) | 14; 99.4 (96.9, 100.0) |
| Peer support | 6; 83.3 (70.5, 93.0) | 7; 99.9 (99.4, 100.0) | 6; 10.9 (0.5, 31.4) | 9; 11.5 (6.1, 18.3) | 3; 3.2 (0.7, 7.2) | 13; 95.6 (91.0, 98.7) |
| Psychotherapy | 23; 51.4 (39.9, 62.8) | 30; 95.2 (87.5, 99.5) | 16; 16.1 (5.9, 30.0) | 18; 9.4 (6.1, 13.2) | 18; 5.9 (3.1, 9.5) | 37; 96.1 (93.5, 98.2) |
| Outreach | 11; 72.0 (45.0, 92.4) | 14; 98.7 (96.6, 99.9) | 9; 11.4 (4.8, 20.3) | 11; 9.0 (3.9, 15.9) | 15; 8.5 (4.9, 13.0) | 22; 94.8 (88.7, 98.7) |
| Type of study | ||||||
| Factorial | 6; 74.9 (49.8, 93.3) | 8; 98.3 (91.2, 100.0) | 7; 0.5 (0.0, 1.6) | 8; 3.6 (1.5, 6.0) | 7; 8.4 (3.8, 14.4) | 13; 95.7 (89.3, 99.4) |
| Multi-arm | 41; 66.5 (52.3,79.4) | 48; 98.1 (94.7, 99.9) | 43; 4.1 (2.5, 6.0) | 49; 7.5 (5.4, 9.9) | 41; 5.9 (3.7, 8.6) | 75; 95.0 (92.8, 96.9) |
| Crossover | 10; 55.7 (38.6, 72.1) | 15; 98.5 (95.7, 100.0) | 15; 2.8 (0.3, 7.0) | 15; 4.2 (1.7, 7.5) | 14; 4.2 (1.2, 8.6) | 22; 96.1 (92.5, 98.6) |
| Income level | ||||||
| High | 54; 60.7 (52.9, 68.2) | 20; 96.4 (92.7, 99.0) | 89: 4.1 (2.5, 6.1) | 102; 7.2 (5.5, 9.0) | 91; 7.2 (5.7, 8.8) | 153; 93.8 (92.0, 95.4) |
| Upper middle | 25; 64.1 (51.4, 75.8) | 29; 92.9 (85.9, 97.8) | 35; 3.4 (1.4, 5.9) | 39; 5.6 (2.8, 9.1) | 36; 5.2 (2.7, 8.3) | 59; 94.5 (91.3, 97.0) |
| Lower middle | 33; 66.7 (50.0, 81.6) | 37; 98.0 (95.3, 99.6) | 35; 4.3 (1.9, 7.5) | 42; 7.5 (5.3, 9.9) | 30; 4.9 (3.1, 7.1) | 63; 95.3 (93.0, 97.1) |
| Low | 17; 52.7 (38.5, 66.7) | 20; 96.8 (92.1, 99.6) | 17; 5.1 (2.1, 9.3) | 25; 6.1 (3.7, 9.2) | 17; 2.6 (0.3, 6.8) | 31; 92.8 (88.3, 96.2) |
| Mixed | 27; 73.9 (55.4, 88.8) | 33; 99.6 (99.2, 99.9) | 40; 2.6 (1.0, 4.7) | 43; 2.3 (1.3, 3.5) | 41; 9.5 (7.2, 12.1) | 64; 94.3 (90.6, 97.2) |
| WHO region | ||||||
| Africa | 56; 62.4 (50.7, 73.4) | 66; 98.2 (96.6, 99.3) | 68; 4.3 (2.5, 6.4) | 87; 5.9 (4.6, 7.4) | 66; 4.7 (3.1, 6.5) | 122; 94.5 (92.1, 96.4) |
| Americas | 47; 54.3 (46.3, 62.2) | 58; 94.7 (89.7, 98.2) | 68; 5.1 (2.8, 8.0) | 78; 8.7 (6.6, 11.1) | 70; 6.7 (4.8, 8.8) | 117; 93.0 (90.6, 95.1) |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 2; 56.6 (50.3, 62.8) | 2; 97.9 (94.5, 99.8) | 4; 5.8 (2.8, 9.8) | 4; 10.4 (0.6, 27.7) | 3; 16.3 (1.1,42.0) | 6; 89.1 (70.9, 99.3) |
| Europe | 14; 78.1 (64.8, 88.9) | 16; 96.5 (89.8, 99.9) | 29; 2.7 (1.1, 4.8) | 28; 3.8 (1.7, 6.4) | 25; 8.1 (5.4, 11.2) | 43; 95.3 (92.3, 97.5) |
| South East Asia | 9; 70.6 (42.5, 92.1) | 10; 93.3 (73.7, 100.0) | 8; 1.6 (0.0, 5.9) | 10; 3.7 (0.1, 10.9) | 8; 0.6 (0.0, 2.5) | 16; 98.2 (93.4, 100.0) |
| Western Pacific | 8; 56.4 (35.5, 76.2) | 8; 90.0 (70.7, 99.6) | 8; 5.6 (1.0, 13.3) | 7; 4.5 (0.8, 10.6) | 8; 6.1 (1.6, 13.1) | 12; 92.5 (84.7, 97.8) |
| Mixed | 20; 80.2 (73.1, 86.4) | 27; 99.9 (99.7, 100.0) | 31; 1.6 (0.5, 3.1) | 37; 2.9 (1.5, 4.7) | 35; 10.0 (7.4, 13.0) | 54; 94.4 (91.6, 96.6) |
| Participant type | ||||||
| Black | 22; 64.7 (46.7, 80.8) | 25; 99.8 (99.4, 100.0) | 19; 3.1 (0.7, 7.1) | 27; 5.4 (3.4, 7.8) | 20; 10.2 (6.7, 14.4) | 38; 94.3 (88.5, 98.2) |
| Men who have sex with men | 12; 50.1 (36.0, 64.2) | 15; 95.0 (79.9, 100.0) | 11; 7.5 (2.3, 15.2) | 14; 10.9 (5.7, 17.5) | 6; 10.0 (4.5, 17.4) | 19; 94.6 (88.9, 98.3) |
| Women | 18; 54.3 (40.1, 68.2) | 28; 97.2 (93.6, 99.4) | 30; 5.5 (2.6, 9.3) | 37; 6.8 (4.1, 9.9) | 32; 4.9 (2.9, 7.2) | 58; 93.1 (87.7, 97.0) |
| Youth | 12; 48.3 (19.6, 77.6) | 15; 98.2 (95.3, 99.8) | 16; 4.5 (1.6, 8.6) | 15; 7.5 (3.6, 12.5) | 10; 10.0 (5.7, 15.3) | 23; 92.8 (87.8, 96.6) |
| People who inject dugs | 13; 43.9 (32.1, 56.0) | 13; 91.8 (80.1, 98.7) | 17; 2.4 (0.8, 4.8) | 15; 14.9 (9.6, 21.1) | 13; 6.8 (2.3, 13.3) | 24; 97.4 (94.6, 99.2) |
| Prisoners | 3; 59.7 (45.8, 72.9) | 3; 95.3 (69.1, 100.0) | 5; 13.9 (0.0, 56.1) | 5; 14.5 (4.2, 29.6) | 6; 8.0 (1.1, 19.7) | 9; 97.5 (91.9, 100.0) |
| Transgender people | 1; 11.8 (10.5, 13.3) | 1; 84.4 (79.4, 88.3) | 1; 2.3 (1.0, 5.3) | 1; 29.8 (25.3, 34.7) | na | 2; 99.6 (98.8, 100.0) |
| Children | 9; 52.4 (18.0, 85.5) | 11; 97.1 (92.0, 99.8) | 7; 2.5 (0.3, 6.5) | 11; 5.2 (2.3, 9.0) | 14; 9.5 (5.9, 13.8) | 16; 95.9 (91.1, 99.0) |
| Participant comorbidities | ||||||
| Tuberculosis | 7; 64.4 (57.7, 70.03) | 7; 98.3 (90.2, 100.0) | 15; 2.7 (0.3, 7.0) | 17; 7.3 (3.6, 12.0) | 4; 8.9 (5.5, 26.8) | 21; 94.7 (89.6, 98.2) |
| Mental health | 8; 42.9 (22.9, 64.3) | 10; 96.4 (86.7, 100.0) | 2; 3.1 (1.7, 4.9) | 7; 12.5 (5.0, 21.7) | 4; 8.9 (0.3, 26.8) | 12; 97.8 (94.2, 99.8) |
| Substance use | 16; 49.3 (37.3, 61.4) | 18; 93.2 (83.5, 99.0) | 21; 2.9 (0.8, 5.9) | 20; 12.8 (8.7, 17.5) | 18; 5.9 (2.4, 10.5) | 33; 97.0 (94.2, 99.0) |
| Cancer | 6; 66.6 (305, 94.1) | 6; 93.0 (69.3, 100.0) | 3; 0.6 (0.0,2.3) | 4; 11.3 (4.2, 21.0) | 2; 16.1 (13.2, 19.2) | 6; 95.2 (83.7, 100.0) |
| Source of funding | ||||||
| Industry alone | 18; 76.7 (49.3, 95.5) | 19; 94.2 (76.8, 100.0) | 28; 1.2 (0.4, 2.5) | 34; 1.8 (1.1, 2.7) | 32; 7.2 (5.9, 8.7) | 44; 95.9 (94.1, 97.5) |
| Non-industry | 128; 62.7 (55.9, 69.3) | 154; 97.2 (95.6, 98.4) | 164; 4.2 (3.0, 5.6) | 185; 6.7 (5.6, 7.9) | 163; 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | 281; 94.0 (92.5, 95.4) |
| Both | 4; 57.2 (26.6, 85.0) | 5; 94.2 (76.8, 100.0) | 9; 5.1 (1.5, 10.4) | 12; 4.1 (1.8, 7.2) | 9; 6.4 (1.6, 13.8) | 20; 90.8 (80.2, 97.7) |
| Total | 156; 64.1 (57.7, 70.3) | 187; 97.1(95.8–98.3) | 216; 3.8 (2.8–4.9) | 251; 5.8 (4.9–6.8) | 215; 6.5 (5.5–7.5) | 367; 94.2 (92.9–95.3) |