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. 2023 Jun 14;20:78. doi: 10.1186/s12984-023-01198-5

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Characteristic (unit of measure) or [range] HA (n = 20) CHF (n = 12) COPD (n = 17) MS (n = 20) PD (n = 20) PFF (n = 19)
Number of walking bouts included in the analyses (n) 1343 416 1031 795 681 684
Age (years) 71.7 ± 5.8 69.1 ± 11.7 69.4 ± 9.1 48.7 ± 9.7 69.8 ± 7.2 80.0 ± 8.5
Height (cm) 1.66 ± 0.10 1.74 ± 0.10 1.69 ± 0.07 1.71 ± 0.13 1.73 ± 0.07 1.69 ± 0.08
Weight (kg) 75.1 ± 11.8 84.5 ± 16.8 73.7 ± 14.2 84.0 ± 22.9 78.2 ± 14.4 68.4 ± 16.0
Gender: % females [females n, males n] 45% [9, 11] 33% [4, 8] 47% [8, 9] 45% [9, 11] 20% [4, 16] 58% [8, 11]
WS during the 2.5-h assessment (mean and [range]) (m/s) 0.59 [0.12, 1.63] 0.72 [0.14, 1.46] 0.60 [0.11, 1.36] 0.58 [0.15, 1.60] 0.60 [0.10, 1.44] 0.54 [0.14, 1.29]
Walking Aid use: % of users [n] 5% [1] 25% [3] 6% [1] 25% [5] 30% [6] 68% [13]
MoCA [0–30] 27.7 ± 2.6 27.1 ± 2.9 24.6 ± 3.4 26.7 ± 3.1 24.6 ± 4.0 24.1 ± 4.2
LLFDI [0–100] 73.53 ± 14.22 67.29 ± 21.35 59.07 ± 7.96 57.34 ± 10.66 60.26 ± 12.51 52.59 ± 16.61
Hoehn & Yahr stage (n)

H&Y I: 4

H&Y II: 11

H&Y III: 5

MDS-UPDRS III [0–132] 28.4 ± 13.6
EDSS [0–6] 3.5 ± 1.7
SPPB [0–12] 6.2 ± 3.9
CAT Score [0–40] 16.6 ± 8.9
FEV1 (litres) 1.6 ± 0.6
6MWT distance (m) 370.7 ± 115.6 357.6 ± 88.5
KCCQ-12 Score [0–100] 80.5 ± 20.2

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise stated

CAT chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Assessment Test; EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale; FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second; KCCQ-12 Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12; LLFDI Late Life Function and Disability Instrument; MDS-UPDRS III Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III; MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery; 6MWT 6 Minute Walking Test; HA healthy adults; PD Parkinson’s disease; MS multiple sclerosis; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF congestive heart failure; PFF proximal femoral fracture