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Micronucleus assay results for glyphosate IPA after 24 h of exposure (a), 4 h of exposure +S9 (b), or 4 h of exposure without S9; an outlier for %MN was omitted from the 0.6 mM concentration, statistical results were the same ± the outlier (c). VS = vinblastine sulfate, CP = cyclophosphamide; open circle indicates % relative cell survival for positive controls. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean. *P < 0.025, **P < 0.001.
