Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study ID | Published year | Country | Study design | Sample size (cases/control) | Included criteria | diagnosis of BPD | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liao (26) | 2021 | China | Case-control | 36/24 | GA < 28w or BW < 1,000 g | Medical record | 5 |
| Duan (27) | 2016 | China | Cross-sectional | 71/1,721 | GA < 32 weeks | GA < 32w and need supplemental oxygen more than 28 days | 5 |
| Zhang (28) | 2014 | China | Cohort | 137/94 | GA ≤ 32w or BW ≤ 1,000 g | Oxygen dependency for at least 28 days | 8 |
| Demirel (19) | 2009 | Turkey | Case-control | 56/50 | BW < 1,500 g | Diagnosed according to the Bancalari criteria | 6 |
| Cai (29) | 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | 63/388 | GA < 32 weeks and BW < 1,500 g | Medical record | 5 |
| Sharma (30) | 2019 | USA | Cross-sectional | 155/108 | GA 23–27w | Oxygen dependency for at least 28 days | 4 |
| Lee (15) | 2020 | Korea | Cross-sectional | 109/141 | BW < 1,500 g | Persistent oxygen requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age | 4 |
| Ghirardello (31) | 2016 | USA | Cohort | 269/372 | BW < 1,500 g | According to the criteria proposed by Jobe and Bancalari at 36 weeks corrected age | 7 |
| Valieva (32) | 2009 | USA | Cross-sectional | 47/5 | GA ≤ 28w or BW 500–1,000 g | Requiring any type of oxygen support at both 28 days and at 36 weeks corrected GA | 4 |
| Patel (33) | 2019 | USA | Cohort | 240/358 | BW < 1,500 g | According to the consensus definition by the National Institutes of Health | 7 |
| Raffa (16) | 2022 | Arabia | Cohort | 5/106 | GA < 30 weeks and BW < 1,500 g | Medical record | 6 |
| Korhonen (34) | 1998 | Finland | Cohort | 59/133 | BW < 1,500 g | Requiring any type of oxygen support at both 28 days and characteristic radiographic changes in the lung fields | 5 |
| Jassem-Bobowicz (35) | 2021 | Poland | Cross-sectional | 127/151 | GA < 32 weeks | Oxygen dependency for at least 28 days | 4 |
| Tao (5) | 2022 | China | Cohort | 102/523 | Neonates with RDS | Requiring any type of oxygen support at both 28 days and at 36 weeks corrected GA | 6 |
| Soliman (36) | 2016 | Canada | Cohort | 79/240 | GA < 32 weeks and born to mothers with preeclampsia | Oxygen or any form of ventilation at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age | 6 |
| Go (20) | 2021 | Japan | Cohort | 85/91 | GA < 30weeks | National Institutes of Health consensus definition for infants | 7 |
| Zhang (37) | 2011 | China | Cross-sectional | 60/56 | BW < 1,500 g | Oxygen for at least 28 days | 4 |
| Jeon (38) | 2013 | Korea | Cross-sectional | 39/11 | BW < 1,500 g | Oxygen dependency for the first 28 days of life | 4 |
| Gao (39) | 2020 | China | Cross-sectional | 32/49 | GA ≤ 28w or BW < 1,500 g | Oxygen for at least 28 days | 4 |
| Park (40) | 2015 | Korea | Cross-sectional | 10/36 | BW < 1,500 g | Required oxygen for the first 28 days at postmenstrualage 36 weeks or when infants born at ≥32 weeks and remained on oxygen for 56 days | 4 |
| Lardón-Fernández (41) | 2017 | Spain | Cohort | 60/69 | BW < 1,500 g | According to the consensus definition by the National Institutes of Health | 7 |
W, week; g, gram; GA, gestational age; BW, birth weight; USA, United States of America.