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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Causes Control. 2022 Apr 13;33(8):1047–1057. doi: 10.1007/s10552-022-01563-0

Table 1.

Demographic Data of Survey Participants

Demographic Category Participants (n = 263)
Gender, N (%)
Male 80 (30)
Female 183 (70)
Age, Mean (SD) Range 45.2 (14) 18–81
Marital Status, N (%)
Single 21 (8)
Married 151 (57)
Divorced 52 (20)
Widowed 39 (15)
Primary Cancer Type, N (%)
Cervical 91 (35)
Hematological 56 (21)
Breast 40 (15)
Skin/Kaposi Sarcoma 28 (11)
Esophageal 9 (3)
Colorectal 4 (2)
Castleman 3 (1)
Hepatocellular 3 (1)
Anal 1 (0.4)
Bladder 1 (0.4)
Penile 1 (0.4)
Prostate 1 (0.4)
Unknown 25(10)
Education, N (%) a
None 60 (23)
Primary School 113 (43)
Secondary School 72 (27)
College 18 (7)
Residence/Location, N (%)
In the city 75 (29)
In a village 188 (71)
Distance from Healthcare Facility, Median (Range) b Kilometers: 3 (0.1–70)
Running Water in Home, N (%)
Yes 74 (28)
No 189 (72)
Electricity in Home, N (%)
Yes 54 (21)
No 209 (79)
HIV Status, N (%)
Positive 88 (33)
Negative 168 (64)
Prefers to not answer 4 (2)
Don’t Know 3 (1)
Ethnic/Tribal Group, N (%) c
Chewa 138 (52)
Lomwe 19 (7)
Yao 19 (7)
Ngoni 39 (15)
Tumbuka 29 (11)
Nyanja 3 (1)
Ngonde 1 (0.4)
Otherd 15 (6)
a.

Highest completed level of education

b.

Random number (0.1–0.9) generated for <1, 4 unknowns not included, 3 km = 1.86 miles

c.

Some participants identified with more than 1 ethnic/tribal group

d.

Others Ethical/Tribal Group (N,%) include Lyambia: 1 (0.4), Mang’an: 1 (0.4), Ngoni a: 1 (0.4), Sena: 2 (1), Senga: 1 (0.4), Tonga: 9 (3)