Table 1.
Composition of equine, bovine, and human colostrum, and mature milk
| Item1 | Equine2 | Bovine2 | Human4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Colostrum | |||
| Protein, g kg−1 | 128.9 (63–191) | 99.6 (33–135.8) | 20.0 (12–36) |
| Immunoglobulins, g kg−1 | 79.2 (49–107) | 52.3 (31–87) | 18.79 |
| Fat, g kg−1 | 14.5 (6.9–29) | 46.3 (36–65) | 34.3 (28–38) |
| Lactose, g kg−1 | 39.5 (33–46) | 34.7 (25–48) | 63.0 (51–70) |
| Milk | |||
| Gross energy, kJ kg−1 | 2008 | 2820 | 2832.5 |
| Protein, g kg−1 | 21.5 (15–28) | 32.5 (31–38) | 15.2 (9–21.4) |
| NPN × 6.38, % | 11.21 | 5.23 | 20.42 |
| Casein, % | 50.00 | 77.23 | 26.06 |
| Whey protein, % | 38.79 | 17.54 | 53.52 |
| Casein: Whey Protein | 1.1:1 | 4.7:1 | 0.4:1 |
| b-Lactoglobulin, % | 30.75 | 20.1 | Absent |
| α-Lactalbumin, % | 28.55 | 53.59 | 42.37 |
| Immunoglobulins, % | 19.77 | 11.73 | 18.15 |
| Serum albumin, % | 4.45 | 6.2 | 7.56 |
| Lysozyme, % | 6.59 | Trace | 1.66 |
| Lactoferrin, % | 9.89 | 8.38 | 30.26 |
| Fat, g kg−1 | 12.1 (5–20) | 36.1 (35–9) | 36.4 (35–40) |
| Lactose, g kg−1 | 63.7 (58–70) | 48.8 (44–49) | 67 (63–70) |
| Ash, g kg−1 | 4.2 (3–5) | 7.8 (7–8) | 2.2 (2–3) |
1Data are presented as averages, with ranges in parentheses.
2 Malacarne et al., 2002; Pasquini et al., 2005; Ciesla et al., 2009; Csapo et al., 2009; Uniacke-Lowe et al., 2010; Pecka et al., 2012; Salimei and Fantuz, 2012; Markiewicz-Keszycka et al., 2015; Pieszka et al., 2016