Table 2.
Comparison of echocardiographic indices in T2DM patients stratified by retinopathy status.
| Indices | Total (n = 790) | NDR (n = 475) | NPDR (n = 247) | PDR (n = 68) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVST (mm) | 10.19 ± 1.20 | 10.00 ± 1.09 | 10.42 ± 1.21∗ | 10.66 ± 1.58∗ | <0.001 |
| LAD (mm) | 35.57 ± 2.97 | 35.30 ± 2.77 | 35.78 ± 3.15∗ | 36.65 ± 3.34∗# | 0.001 |
| LV ESD (mm) | 31.26 ± 2.69 | 31.54 ± 2.74 | 30.78 ± 2.48∗ | 31.03 ± 2.80 | 0.001 |
| LV EDD (mm) | 44.74 ± 3.48 | 45.13 ± 3.51 | 44.11 ± 3.34∗ | 44.26 ± 3.45 | <0.001 |
| LV EDV (ml) | 74.42 ± 14.12 | 76.21 ± 14.31 | 71.59 ± 13.29∗ | 72.19 ± 13.92∗ | <0.001 |
| LV ESV (ml) | 31.39 ± 7.10 | 32.16 ± 7.49 | 30.19 ± 6.17∗ | 30.41 ± 6.87 | 0.001 |
| LV EF (%) | 58.15 ± 2.94 | 58.17 ± 2.96 | 58.12 ± 2.91 | 58.06 ± 2.93 | 0.938 |
| LVFS (%) | 30.19 ± 2.48 | 30.20 ± 2.56 | 30.22 ± 2.39 | 30.06 ± 2.20 | 0.893 |
| E velocity (cm/s) | 55.50 ± 28.02 | 54.28 ± 29.26 | 56.73 ± 26.07 | 59.50 ± 25.75 | 0.258 |
| A velocity (cm/s) | 67.21 ± 34.40 | 61.61 ± 33.62 | 74.55 ± 34.17∗ | 79.40 ± 32.85∗ | <0.001 |
| E/A ratio | 0.85 ± 0.29 | 0.90 ± 0.32 | 0.78 ± 0.19∗ | 0.76 ± 0.22∗ | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume (ml) | 43.17 ± 7.91 | 44.07 ± 8.14 | 41.81 ± 7.35∗ | 41.79 ± 7.48∗ | <0.001 |
| E/A ratio < 1, n (%) | 659 (84.6) | 367 (78.3) | 228 (94.2)∗ | 64 (94.1)∗ | <0.001 |
Note: data are expressed as means ± SD or n (%). Bold indicated value of P < 0.05. ∗P < 0.05 vs. NDR group. #P < 0.05 vs. NPDR group. Abbreviations: LV: left ventricular; IVST: interventricular septal thickness; LAD: left atrial diameter; LV ESD: LV end-systolic dimension; LV EDD: LV end-diastolic dimension; LV EDV: LV end-diastolic volume; LV ESV: LV end-systolic volume; LVEF: LV ejection fraction; LVFS: LV fractional shortening.