Table 3.

Serum biomarkers between the PPF-ASS and non-PPF-ASS groups

	Total (n = 72)	PPF-ASS (n = 18)	Non-PPF-ASS (n = 54)	χ2/t	p
KL-6, U/mL	820.9 ± 300.9	1009.3 ± 382.0	758.0 ± 241.7	N/A	0.011*
GDF-15, pg/mL	221.5 ± 91.7	226.8 ± 102.5	219.7 ± 88.8	0.408	0.778
Wnt-5a, ng/mL	3.1 ± 4.0	3.6 ± 4.7	3.0 ± 3.7	N/A	0.607

Data are presented as the mean ± SD or n (%)

ASS anti-synthetase syndrome, GDF-15 growth differentiation factor 15, KL-6 Krebs von den Lungen-6, N/A not applicable, PPF progressive pulmonary fibrosis, Wnt wingless

^*p < 0.05