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. 2022 Nov 18;48(8):1155–1163. doi: 10.1038/s41386-022-01505-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — adgrl3.1^−/− larvae were treated with three different concentrations (1 µM, 10 µM, and 30 µM) of A clonidine, B atomoxetine, and C guanfacine and compared to larvae treated with 0.3% DMSO. Average distance moved during the five 30-min periods of lights-on and sleep parameters during the night was analyzed. Clonidine, atomoxetine and guanfacine all reduced the distance moved during lights-on significantly for all three concentrations. Clonidine, atomoxetine, and guanfacine all significantly altered the sleep dynamics at multiple parameters during the night. Wild-type (WT) larvae treated with 0.3% DMSO are included for visual comparison. * denote significant differences.