Table 4:
Characteristics of Multiple Informant-Report Questionnaires of Emotion (Dys)regulation in the Literature
| Multiple Informant-Report Questionnaires (n = 14) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Subscales | Behavioral Manifestation | Internal Process | # Items | n | Age Range | Population(s) | α Range | Language(s) | Freely Available |
| Adolescent Self-Regulatory Inventory136 (Self; Parent) |
1. Short-Term Self-Regulation 2. Long-Term Self-Regulation |
Yes | Yes | 27 | 3 | 12–15 | Non-clinical | 0.66–0.88 | English; Portuguese | Yes |
| Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function137 (Self; Parent; Teacher) |
1. Behavior Regulation Index 2. Emotional Recognition Index 3. Cognitive Regulation Index |
Yes | Yes | 86 | 18 | 6–18 | Externalizing disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Trauma-exposed; Deliberate self-harm; Medical disorders; Non-clinical | 0.72–0.97 | English; Chinese; Spanish; Bulgarian; Latvian; Lithuanian; Serbian | No |
| Children’s Emotion Management Scales138–140(Self; Parent) | 1. Dysregulation 2. Coping 3. Inhibition |
Yes | Yes | 33 | 58 | 7–18 | Eating disorders; Externalizing disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Internalizing disorders; Trauma-exposed; Medical disorders; Non-clinical | 0.55–0.91 | English; Chinese; Spanish | Yes |
| Children’s Self Control Scale141 (Self; Parent) |
N/A | Yes | No | 17 | 2 | 9–13 | Externalizing disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Non-clinical | 0.79–0.90 | English; Hebrew | No |
| Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale23 (Self; Parent) |
1. Non-Acceptance of Emotional Response 2. Difficulties in Goal-Directed Behavior 3. Impulse Control 4. Lack of Emotional Awareness 5. Limited ER Strategies 6. Lack of Emotional Clarity |
Yes | Yes | 36 | 97 | 9–18 | Eating disorders; Internalizing disorders; Personality disorders; NSSI; Suicidality; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Inpatient; Internet addition; Transdiagnostic; Trauma-exposed; Medical disorders; Non-clinical | 0.66–0.95 | English; Chinese; Hindi; Turkish; Greek; Dutch; Portuguese; Italian; Spanish | Self: Yes Parent: No |
| Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire142 (Self; Parent) |
1. Activation Control 2. Activity Level 3. Affiliation 4. Attention 5. Fear 6. Frustration 7. High Intensity Pleasure 8. Inhibitory Control 9. Perceptual Sensitivity 10. Pleasure Sensitivity 11. Shyness 12. Aggression 13. Depressive Mood |
Yes | Yes | 65 | 8 | 7–18 | Inpatient; Internalizing disorders; PTSD; Non-clinical | 0.65–0.81 | English; Arabic; Catalan; Chinese; Czech; Dutch; Farsi; Finnish; German; Italian; Japanese; Norwegian; Polish; Portuguese; Romanian; Spanish; Swedish; Tagalog; Turkish; Urdu | Yes |
| Emotion Expression Scale for Children143 (Self; Parent) |
1. Poor Emotional Awareness 2. Expressive Reluctance |
Yes | Yes | 16 | 19 | 6–18 | Internalizing disorders; NSSI; Non-clinical | 0.70–0.90 | English; German; Portuguese | No |
| Emotion Regulation Checklist128 (Parent; Teacher) |
1. Lability/Negativity 2. Emotion Regulation |
Yes | Yes | 24 | 73 | 6–18 | Internalizing disorders; Externalizing disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Personality disorders; Inpatient; Trauma-exposed; Internet Gaming Disorder; Medical disorders | 0.58–0.96 | English; Portuguese; Italian; Persian; Malay; Arabic | Yes |
| Emotion Regulation and Social Skills Questionnaire144 (Parent; Teacher) |
N/A | Yes | Yes | 27 | 3 | 7–14 | Neurodevelopmental disorders | 0.90–0.92 | English | Yes |
| Korean Youth Panel Survey145 (Self; Parent) |
1. Personal Details of Youth Career Choice 2. Career Plan 3. Career Preparation 4. Leisure Activities 5. Deviance and Others 6. Time Allocation of Everyday Activities 7. Self-identity and Others |
Yes | Yes | 49–54 | 1 | 9–13 | Non-clinical | 0.63 | English; Korean | Yes |
| Responses to Stress Questionnaire146 (Self; Parent) |
1. Primary Control Coping 2. Secondary Control Coping 3. Disengagement Coping 4. Involuntary Engagement Stress Response 5. Involuntary Disengagement Stress Response |
Yes | Yes | 57 | 6 | 9–16 | Medical disorders; Non-clinical | 0.74–0.92 | English; Dutch; Thai; Spanish; Portuguese; Norwegian; Indonesian; Croatian | Yes |
| Social Skills Improvement System147 (Self; Parent; Teacher) |
1. Social Skills 2. Problem Behaviors 3. Academic Competence |
Yes | Yes | 80 | 1 | 11 | Neurodevelopmental disorders; Non-clinical | 0.91 | English; Spanish | No |
| Spanish Assessment System for Children and Adolescents148 (Self; Parent) |
1. Externalizing Problems 2. Internalizing Problems 3. Adaptive Skills |
Yes | Yes | 105–165 | 1 | 8–14 | Neurodevelopmental disorders | Not reported | Spanish | No |
| Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire149 (Self; Parent) |
1. Emotional Problems 2. Conduct Problems 3. Hyperactivity/Inattention 4. Peer Relationship Problems 5. Prosocial Behavior 6. Dysregulation Profile |
Yes | Yes | 25 | 2 | 6–18 | Externalizing disorders; Internalizing disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Medical disorders; PTSD; Non-clinical | 0.75–0.76 | 50+ | Yes |
Note: Measures are presented alphabetically for eased identification. “Subscales” = subscales per measure; “Behavioral Manifestation” = whether the measure captures behavioral manifestations of emotion (dys)regulation; “Internal Processes” = whether the measure captures internal processes of emotion (dys)regulation; “# Items” = number of items per measure; “n” = frequency with which the specific measure was used; “Age Range” = observed age range in included studies; “Population(s)” = clinical group(s) in which the questionnaire was used; “α Range” = reported range of internal consistency per measure; “Language(s)” = languages in which measures have been translated; “Freely Available” = whether measures are freely accessible (“Yes”) or commercially available/access is limited (“No”); “N/A” implies there are either no subscales (i.e., the measure is unidimensional) or the scoring information could not be found. Internalizing disorders include anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive disorders; Externalizing disorders include disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use; Neurodevelopmental disorders include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, and Tourette syndrome; Trauma-exposed includes war exposure, neighborhood and/or domestic violence exposure, sexual abuse, child maltreatment, natural disaster exposure; Medical disorders include arterial ischemic stroke, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, obesity, brain tumor, cancer, acne vulgaris, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inflammatory bowel disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, sickle cell disease.