TABLE 1.

Antioxidants antagonizing cisplatin ototoxicity.

Source	References	Agent	Mechanism
Biological extract	Nan et al., 2022	Astaxanthine	Astaxanthine reduces ROS overexpression, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis via NRF2-mediated pathway.
	Paciello et al., 2020	Curcumin	Curcumin increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system (increased Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression) and reduces inflammation and apoptosis (decreased NF-kB and p53).
H2	Fransson et al., 2021	Inhalation of gaseous H2	Inhalation of 2% gaseous H2 have antioxidant effects, rapid distribution, and distributes systemically.
	Fransson et al., 2017	Gaseous H2	H2 inhalation reduces the OCT2 and the CTR1 intensity and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the synapse area around the IHCs and OHCs.
Synthetic chemical	Fernandez et al., 2021	Atorvastatin	Statins come into use in improving endothelial function and microcirculation, decreasing inflammation, and reducing oxidative stress under observation.
	He et al., 2022a	ROSI (ACSL4 inhibitor)	By using ROSI to inhibit ACSL4, the production of lipid peroxide could be inhibited.
Cochlear cell components	Li et al., 2022c	GSTM1, GSTT1	Loss of Gstm1 and Gstt1 affects Nrf2 expression and leads to upregulation of phase II detoxification genes.
	Cho et al., 2022	Alpha-Lipoic Acid	Alpha-Lipoic Acid reduces the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets to attenuates apoptosis and ferroptosis.
	Liu et al., 2019b	Wnt	The overexpression of Wnt signaling in SGNS leads to increased expression of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and decreased levels of ROS.