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. 2023 Jun 1;14:1160075. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160075

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Copyright © 2023 Gussmann, Lucae, Falkai, Padberg, Egli and Kopf-Beck.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Example slides from each module. Top left: Slide from the module “Psychoeducation”. Patients learn to understand that different thoughts can lead to different feelings and behaviors (slight adapted from the MCT manual for depression) (72) (p. 105). Top right: Slide from the module “Cognitive Insight” and session “To empathize”. Patients learn to understand that facial expressions can easily be misinterpreted (slide used from the MCT-acute concept, open source on the MCT website, https://clinical-neuropsychology.de/metacognitive_training/). Bottom left: Slide from the module “Cognitive Defusion” and session “Helpful vs. unhelpful thoughts”. Patients learn to distinguish between helpful and unhelpful internal experiences. Bottom right: Slide from the module “Cognitive Defusion” and session “Defusion techniques”. Patients learn to notice and name thoughts in order to create distance to them instead of getting entangled in thought contents and automatic reactions.