TABLE 2.

G4-binding proteins involved in cellular functions.

G4-binding protein	Affinity	Function	Comment
POT1	G4-DNA	Telomere maintenance Chaires et al. (2020)	Unfolds G4s and refolds in complex with POT1-TPP1
RPA	G4-DNA	Telomere maintenance Cogoi et al. (2013)	Unfolds both parallel and antiparallel G4s
CST	G4-DNA	Telomere maintenance Bhattacharjee et al. (2017)	CTC1 contains DNA-binding site
BRCA1	G4-DNA	DNA replication and transcription Brazda et al. (2016)
BLM	G4-DNA	DNA replication Rodriguez et al. (2012); Vannier et al. (2013), transcription Nguyen et al. (2014b), recombination Rodriguez et al. (2012), and telomere maintenance Vannier et al. (2013)
WRN	G4-DNA	DNA replication Sarkies et al. (2012); Tang et al. (2016), transcription Shen et al. (1998), and telomere maintenance Sarkies et al. (2012)
SP1	G4-DNA	Transcription Raiber et al. (2012)
MAZ	G4-DNA	Transcription Soldatenkov et al. (2008); Cogoi et al. (2010); Spiegel et al. (2021)
PARP-1	G4-DNA	Transcription Xodo et al. (2008); Cogoi et al. (2010)	Binding with c-KIT activates PARP-1
Nucleolin	G4-DNA/G4-RNA	Transcription Cogoi et al. (2014)
hnRNP A1	G4-RNA	Telomere maintenance Kruger et al. (2010) and transcription Paramasivam et al. (2009); Goering et al. (2020)
hnRNP H/F	G4-RNA	Transcription Decorsiere et al. (2011); Haeusler et al. (2014)
AFF2/FMR2	G4-RNA	Transcription Yuva-Aydemir et al. (2019)
FMRP	G4-RNA	Translation
hTERT	G4-DNA	Telomere maintenance Paudel et al. (2020)