Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Case | Sex | Age, years | Principal diagnosis | Secondary diagnosis | ASM before SC levetiracetam | Co-medication SC | Dose of SC levetiracetam | Dose changes | Seizure frequency prior to levetiracetam SC | Seizure frequency during SC | Reactions at injection site | Duration of levetiracetam SC (days) during hospitalization | Inpatient death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 94 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Hydromorphone 0.2 mg once a day, haloperidol 1 mg twice a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | Unknown | None | None | 6 | Yes |
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| 2 | F | 83 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke | Valproic acid 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Hydromorphone 0.1 mg three times a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | 1 seizure (semiology not described) | None | None | 7 | Yes |
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| 3 | F | 67 | Possible nonconvulsive status epilepticus | Rapidly progressive dementia (probably Creutzfeldt Jakob) | Valproic acid 250 mg intravenous twice a day | No | 500 mg twice a day | None | Unknown | None | None | 4 | No |
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| 4 | F | 26 | Structural focal epilepsy | Subdural hematoma, meningitis | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Hydromorphone 0.2 mg once a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | 2 episodes of unknown onset and tonic clonic seizures | None | None | 14 | No |
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| 5 | F | 71 | Nonconvulsive status epilepticus | Hypothyroidism | Levetiracetam 1,000 mg oral three times a day, valproic acid 500 mg oral three times a day | No | 1,000 mg three times a day | None | 1 episode of status epilepticus | None | None | 3 | Yes |
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| 6 | F | 78 | Structural focal epilepsy | Left thalamic astrocytoma | Lacosamide 100 mg intravenous twice a day | Hydromorphone 0.2 mg once a day, dexamethasone 8 mg once a day, hyoscine 20 mg four times a day | 1,000 mg twice a day | None | 1 episode of status epilepticus | None | None | 5 | Yes |
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| 7 | F | 96 | Structural focal epilepsy | Alzheimer − ischemic stroke | Valproic acid 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Morphine 1 mg once a day, hyoscine 20 mg twice a day - | 500 twice a day | None | 3 seizures (semiology not described) | None | None | 1 | No |
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| 8 | M | 70 | Symptomatic seizure (hypoglycemia) | SARS-CoV2 | Valproic acid 500 mg intravenous twice a day, levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Haloperidol 2 mg three times a day | 500 twice a day | Increase: 500 mg | 2 episodes of unknown onset and tonic clonic seizures | None | None | 3 | No |
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| 9 | M | 50 | Structural focal epilepsy | Glioblastoma, small-cell PNET-like variant | Phenytoin 250 mg intravenous three times a day suspended due to rash, valproic acid 250 mg oral twice a day | Omeprazole 20 mg once a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | Unwitnessed seizure | None | None | 2 | No |
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| 10 | M | 88 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke | Valproic acid 250 mg oral twice a day, levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | No | 500 mg twice a day | None | None | None | None | 12 | Yes |
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| 11 | M | 58 | Structural focal epilepsy | Hemorrhagic, major neurocognitive disorder | Levetiracetam 1,000 mg oral twice a day | No | 1,000 mg twice a day | None | 3 seizures per month (semiology not described) | None | None | 15 | Yes |
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| 12 | F | 92 | Structural focal epilepsy | Traumatic frontal subdural hematoma, major neurocognitive disorder | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | No | 1,000 mg twice a day | None | 1 seizure per month (semiology not described) | None | None | 90 | No |
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| 13 | M | 69 | Structural focal epilepsy | Glioblastoma | Valproic acid 250 mg three times a day | Morphine 1 mg twice a day | 500 twice a day | None | 1 episode of unknown onset and tonic clonic seizure | None | None | 30 | Yes |
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| 14 | F | 85 | Structural focal epilepsy | Aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage | Phenytoin 125 mg intravenous three times a day | Hydromorphone 0.4 mg four times a day, hyoscine 20 mg four times a day | 500 twice a day | None | None | None | None | 2 | Yes |
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| 15 | F | 94 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage | Phenytoin 125 mg three times a day | Piperacillin tazobactam and clarithromycin | 500 mg twice a day | None | None | None | None | 90 | Yes |
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| 16 | F | 68 | Structural focal epilepsy | Frontotemporal dementia | Phenytoin 200 mg intravenous three times a day | No | 500 mg twice a day | None | 1 seizure per month (semiology not described) | None | None | 60 | No |
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| 17 | M | 85 | Nonconvulsive status epilepticus | Prostate cancer | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Morphine 3 mg three times a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | Nonconvulsive status epilepticus | None | None | 6 | Yes |
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| 18 | M | 78 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke Parkinson disease | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | No | 500 mg twice a day | None | 1 episode of unknown onset and tonic clonic seizure | None | None | 30 | yes |
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| 19 | F | 92 | Structural focal epilepsy | Ischemic stroke | Levetiracetam 500 mg intravenous twice a day | No | 500 mg twice a day | None | 3 episodes of motor focal onset and impaired awareness seizure | None | None | 45 | No |
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| 20 | F | 84 | Nonconvulsive status epilepticus | Traumatic acute subdural hematoma, delirium | Valproic acid 500 mg intravenous twice a day | Morphine 2 mg three times a day | 1,000 mg twice a day | Due to local reactions and prognosis, levetiracetam was stopped | Unknown | Unknown | Local edema and erythema | 16 | Yes |
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| 21 | F | 52 | Structural focal epilepsy | Glioblastoma multiforme | Valproic acid 250 mg three times a day | Morphine 2 mg four times a day | 500 mg twice a day | None | 1 seizure (semiology not described) | None | None | 3 | No |
F, female; M, male; SC, subcutaneous; PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.