Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Artif Intell Med. 2023 Apr 28;142:102555. doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102555

Table 3:

Quantitative analysis of the total MNSE, decomposed into 𝒭𝒩 and 𝒝2, for the anthropomorphic breast phantom images acquired at the LD (at a dose reduction factor of 50%) and at the FD. Also, the results for the restored images generated by neural network with the loss function: MSE, MAE, SSIM, PL1 to PL4, adversarial loss with different Ξ»adv, FID and for the model-based (MB) restoration method Confidence interval is shown for p-value=0.05.

Total MNSE(%) 𝒭𝒩(%) 𝒝2(%)
LD 21.79 [21.76, 21.82] 21.64 [21.61, 21.67] 0.15 [0.13, 0.16]
FD 10.47 [10.46, 10.49] 10.40 [10.38, 10.41] 0.07 [0.07, 0.08]
DL-β„’MSE 8.27 [8.25, 8.29] 7.54 [7.53, 7.55] 0.73 [0.71, 0.75]
DL-β„’MAE 8.16 [8.13, 8.18] 7.48 [7.46, 7.49] 0.68 [0.66, 0.70]
DL-β„’SSIM 8.16 [8.14, 8.18] 7.49 [7.48, 7.50] 0.67 [0.65, 0.69]
DL-β„’PL1 8.58 [8.56, 8.60] 7.93 [7.92, 7.95] 0.65 [0.63, 0.67]
DL-β„’PL2 9.79 [9.77, 9.81] 9.16 [9.14, 9.17] 0.63 [0.62, 0.65]
DL-β„’PL3 11.73 [11.71, 11.75] 11.31 [11.30, 11.33] 0.42 [0.40, 0.43]
DL-β„’PL4 10.94 [10.92, 10.96] 10.39 [10.37, 10.40] 0.55 [0.54, 0.57]
DL-β„’GAN–0.1 8.05 [8.03, 8.07] 7.38 [7.37, 7.39] 0.67 [0.65, 0.68]
DL-β„’GAN–0.9 8.20 [8.18, 8.22] 7.50 [7.49, 7.51] 0.70 [0.69, 0.72]
DL-β„’GAN–1.5 8.27 [8.25, 8.28] 7.50 [7.49, 7.51] 0.77 [0.76, 0.78]
DL-β„’FID 12.28 [12.26, 12.30] 11.77 [11.75, 11.79] 0.51 [0.50, 0.52]
MB 11.88 [11.86, 11.89] 11.60 [11.59, 11.62] 0.28 [0.26, 0.29]