Table 2.
Bivariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with U5CM in Ethiopia based on EDHS, 2019
| Independent variable | Number of children | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive | Death | |||
| Sex of household head | ||||
| Male | 4,319 | 279 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1,095 | 60 | 1.179(0.885–1.570) | 1.642(1.57–2.550)** |
| Mother’s educational level | ||||
| No education | 2,958 | 191 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Primary | 1,701 | 122 | 0.900(0.712–1.139) | 0.695(0.476–1.015) |
| Secondary | 463 | 17 | 1.759(1.060–2.916) | 1.0309 (0.598-2 0.866) |
| Higher | 292 | 9 | 2.094(1.062–4.132) | 2.016 (0.583–6.972) |
| Current marital status | ||||
| Currently not married | 367 | 31 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Currently married | 5,047 | 308 | 1.384(0.942–2.032)* | 2.387(1.453–3.921)** |
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox | 1,541 | 71 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Catholic | 30 | 2 | 0.691(0.162–2.950) | 0.979(0.123–17.904) |
| Protestant | 1,003 | 50 | 0.924(0.638–1.339) | 1.204(0.726–1.997) |
| Muslim | 2,764 | 210 | 0.606(0.460–0.799)* | 0.789(0.537–1.160) |
| Traditional | 56 | 6 | 0.430(0.179–1.034)* | 0.675(0.151–3.021) |
| Other | 20 | 0 | 1 | |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 1,256 | 72 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 4,158 | 267 | 0.892(0.6839 − 1.167) | 1.19(0.769–1.840) |
| Current contraceptive method | ||||
| No | 3,620 | 254 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1,794 | 85 | 1.491(1.151–1.905)* | 1.643(1.101–2.424)** |
| Birth order number | ||||
| 1 | 1,175 | 86 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2–4 | 2,49 | 119 | 1.524(1.145–2.029)* | 1.797(1.159–2.782)** |
| 5+ | 1,760 | 134 | 0.961(0.726–1.273) | 0.165(0.087–0.313) |
| Number of ANC visit | ||||
| No visit | 965 | 79 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 visit | 135 | 6 | 1.842(0.787–4.306)* | 1.676(0.704–3.990) |
| 2–3 visit | 1,083 | 38 | 2.333(1.569–3.469)* | 2.085(1.342–3.239)** |
| 4 + visit | 1,602 | 54 | 2.429(1.703–3.464)* | 1.937(1.235–3.149)** |
| Don’t know | 15 | 2 | 0.614(0.138–2.733) | 0.5156(0.109–2.435) |
| Place of delivery | ||||
| Home | 2,684 | 197 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Public | 2,435 | 128 | 1.396(1.110–1.756)* | 1.278(0.836–1.951) |
| Private and other facility | 295 | 14 | 1.546(0.886–2.695)* | 3.401(1.010-11.894)** |
| Delivery by caesarean section | ||||
| No | 5,091 | 313 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 323 | 26 | 0.763(0.504–1.157) | 0.353(0.202–0.617)** |
| Source of drinking water | ||||
| Piped water | 2,429 | 148 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Well water | 814 | 55 | 0.902(0.655–1.241) | 1.020(0.637–1.633) |
| Spring water | 880 | 56 | 0.957(0.697–1.315) | 1.0081(0.684–1.710) |
| Other | 1,291 | 80 | 0.983(0.743–1.301) | 1.368(0.876–2.135) |
| Availability of toilet facility | ||||
| No toilet | 2,225 | 146 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Flush toilet | 303 | 16 | 1.242(0.731–2.110) | 1.230(0.545–2.765) |
| Pit toilet | 2,772 | 175 | 1.039(0.828–1.304) | 0.901(0.631–1.601) |
| Composting | 41 | 0 | 1 | |
| Other | 73 | 2 | 2.395(0.582–9.856)* | 2.062(0.270-15.724) |