Table 2.

Learn phase approach-avoidance responding behavioral results. Stimuli were presented 4 times each (presentations 13–16 following valence learning phase). All post hoc p-values are Holm-Bonferroni corrected and significant values have been highlighted in bold.

Proportion of approach responses
Omnibus 2 × 2 ANOVA
Effect	DOF	F	p	ηG2 [95% CIs]
Valence (positive vs. negative vs. neutral)	2, 40	402.50	<0.001	0.91 [0.00023, 0.033]
Presentation (13–16)	3, 60	3.52	0.010	0.01 [0.00092, 0.042]
Valence × presentation	6, 120	2.24	0.040	0.02 [0.0054, 0.063]
Post hoc one-way ANOVA at each presentation
Effect	DOF	F	p	ηG2 [95% CIs]
Valence at presentations 13–16	2, 40	all ≥241.95	all < 0.001	all ≥0.89 [0.0012 to 0.17, 0.0012 to 0.17]
Post hoc pairwise comparisons within each presentation
Pair	DOF	t	p	d [95% CIs]
Positive vs. negative	20	all ≥94.90	all <0.001	all ≥27.48 [−0.67 to 0.67, −0.68 to 0.68]
Positive vs. neutral	20	all ≥12.43	all <0.001	all ≥3.76 [−0.62 to 0.62, −0.63, 0.64]
Negative vs. neutral	20	all ≥4.29	all ≤ 0.001	all ≥1.34 [−0.64 to 0.64, −0.63, 0.6]
RT
Omnibus 2 × 2 ANOVA
Effect	DOF	F	p	ηG2 [95% CIs]
Valence (positive vs. negative vs. neutral)	2, 40	26.02	<0.001	0.12 [0.00026, 0.033]
Presentation (13–16)	3, 60	45.10	<0.001	0.28 [0.001, 0.041]
Valence × presentation	6, 120	1.43	0.21	0.01 [0.0055, 0.063]
Post hoc pairwise comparisons between valences
Pair	DOF	t	p	d [95% CIs]
Positive vs. negative	20	4.56	≤ 0.001	0.55 [−0.61, 0.6]
Positive vs. neutral	20	6.73	<0.001	1.20 [−0.63, 0.62]
Negative vs. neutral	20	3.27	0.010	0.51 [−0.63, 0.62]
Post hoc pairwise comparisons between presentations
Pair	DOF	t	p	d [95% CIs]
13 vs. 14/15/16	20	all ≥6.18	all <0.001	all ≥1.06 [−0.62 to −0.62, 0.61 to 0.62]
14 vs. 15	20	1.74	0.10	0.33 [−0.62, 0.62]
14 vs. 16	20	4.75	<0.001	0.71 [−0.63, 0.63]
15 vs. 16	29	3.18	0.011	0.45 [−0.63, 0.61]