Table 4.
Difference between low birthweight (LBW) and non-LBW groups in pregnancy-related variables (N=255,467).
| Pregnant patient–related variables | All records | LBW versus non-LBW, odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|
|
LBW group (n=23,019), n (%) | Non-LBW group (n=232,448), n (%) | P value |
|
||
| Age group (years) | ||||||
|
|
10-19 | 1779 (7.73) | 15,093 (6.49) | <.001 | —a | |
|
|
20-24 | 5798 (25.19) | 54,676 (23.52) | <.001 | 0.90 (0.85-0.92) | |
|
|
25-29 | 6505 (28.26) | 71,556 (30.78) | <.001 | 0.77 (0.73-0.82) | |
|
|
30-34 | 5278 (22.93) | 58,967 (25.37) | <.001 | 0.76 (0.72-0.80) | |
|
|
35-54 | 3659 (15.9) | 32,156 (13.83) | <.001 | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | |
| Race | ||||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic White | 9514 (41.33) | 133,168 (57.29) | <.001 | 0.76 (0.69-0.83) | |
|
|
Non-Hispanic Black | 11,400 (49.52) | 71,192 (30.63) | <.001 | 1.70 (1.55-1.86) | |
|
|
Hispanic | 1565 (6.8) | 22,373 (9.62) | <.001 | 0.74 (0.67-0.82) | |
|
|
Other non-Hispanic races | 540 (2.35) | 5715 (2.46) | <.001 | — | |
| Payment source | ||||||
|
|
Private | 4715 (20.48) | 72,929 (31.37) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.74-0.84) | |
|
|
Medicaid | 16,908 (73.45) | 142,111 (61.14) | <.001 | 1.45 (1.36-1.54) | |
|
|
Uninsured | 218 (0.95) | 3084 (1.33) | <.001 | 0.86 (0.74-1.00) | |
|
|
Other | 1178 (5.12) | 14,324 (6.16) | <.001 | — | |
| First-time pregnancy | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 9941 (43.19) | 88,788 (38.2) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.20-1.26) | |
|
|
No | 13,078 (56.81) | 143,660 (61.8) | <.001 | — | |
| Number of fetuses delivered | ||||||
|
|
Singleton | 19,907 (86.48) | 231,046 (99.4) | <.001 | — | |
|
|
Multiple | 3112 (13.52) | 1402 (0.6) | <.001 | 25.76 (24.14-27.48) | |
| Cardiovascular disease (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 1946 (8.45) | 6237 (2.68) | <.001 | 3.35 (3.18-3.53) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 21,073 (91.55) | 226,211 (97.32) | <.001 | — | |
| Hypertension (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 1723 (7.49) | 4711 (2.03) | <.001 | 3.91 (3.70-4.14) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 21,296 (92.51) | 227,737 (97.97) | <.001 | — | |
| Hypertension in pregnancy (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 1315 (5.71) | 4234 (1.82) | <.001 | 3.27 (3.07-3.48) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 21,704 (94.29) | 228,214 (98.18) | <.001 | — | |
| Diabetes (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 605 (2.6) | 2417 (1.04) | <.001 | 2.57 (2.35-2.81) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 22,414 (97.37) | 230,031 (98.96) | <.001 | — | |
| Gestational diabetes (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 330 (1.4) | 1941 (0.84) | <.001 | 1.73 (1.54-1.94) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 22,689 (98.57) | 230,507 (99.16) | <.001 | — | |
| Obesity (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 1038 (4.51) | 4269 (1.84) | <.001 | 2.53 (2.36-2.71) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 21,981 (95.49) | 228,179 (98.16) | <.001 | — | |
| Substance abuse (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 3045 (13.23) | 16,081 (6.92) | <.001 | 2.05 (1.97-2.14) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 19,974 (86.77) | 216,367 (93.08) | <.001 | — | |
| Mental health (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 3873 (16.83) | 21,435 (9.22) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.92-2.07) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 19,146 (83.17) | 211,013 (90.78) | <.001 | — | |
| ICU b stay (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 107 (0.5) | 335 (0.1) | <.001 | 3.24 (2.61-4.03) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 22,912 (99.54) | 232,113 (99.86) | <.001 | — | |
| Pre-eclampsia (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 317 (1.4) | 252 (0.1) | <.001 | 12.87 (10.90-15.19) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 22,702 (98.62) | 232,196 (99.89) | <.001 | — | |
| Chronic conditions (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 2810 (12.21) | 10,867 (4.68) | <.001 | 2.84 (2.72-2.96) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 20,209 (87.79) | 221,581 (95.32) | <.001 | — | |
| Behavioral health (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Yes | 4011 (17.42) | 22,283 (9.59) | <.001 | 1.99 (1.92-2.07) | |
|
|
No or unknown | 19,008 (82.58) | 210,165 (90.41) | <.001 | — | |
| Disease profile (previous 12 months) | ||||||
|
|
Chronic only | 1741 (7.56) | 7147 (3.07) | <.001 | 0.85 (0.78-0.92) | |
|
|
Behavioral health only | 2942 (12.78) | 18,563 (7.99) | <.001 | 0.55 (0.51-0.60) | |
|
|
Both chronic and behavioral health | 1069 (4.64) | 3720 (1.60) | <.001 | — | |
|
|
Either or both chronic and behavioral health | 17,267 (75.01) | 203,018 (87.34) | <.001 | 2.30 (0.28-0.32) | |
aReference group for odds ratio.
bICU: intensive care unit.