Table 3. Complications of V-V ECMO therapy, indicated for all indications as well as for subgroups with different indications.
| Complications | All indications (n=221) | ARDS (n=138) | Bridge to lung transplantation (n=17) | Primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation (n=4) | Other pulmonary disease indications (n=62) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transfusions | |||||
| Red blood cells (units) | 3.0 (1.0 to 8.0) | 3.0 (1.0 to 7.0) | 8.0 (3.0 to 10.0) | 9.5 (6.5 to 11.2) | 3.0 (1.0 to 5.8) |
| 5.3±5.3 | 5.3±5.3 | 7.8±5.0 | 8.2±4.5 | 4.7±5.4 | |
| Fresh frozen plasma (units) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) |
| 0.5±1.2 | 0.4±1.2 | 0.9±1.1 | 0.0 | 0.7±1.3 | |
| Platelet concentrate (units) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 1.0) |
| 1.4±3.4 | 1.6±3.6 | 0.7±1.0 | 0.0 | 1.3±3.6 | |
| Major bleeding, n (%) | 37 (16.7) | 18 (13.0) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (22.6) |
| Intra-cranial bleeding, n (%) | 8 (3.6) | 8 (5.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 5 (2.3) | 3 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.2) |
| Newly developed liver failure, n (%) | 24 (10.9) | 16 (11.6) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (11.3) |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 95 (43.0) | 64 (46.4) | 6 (35.3) | 2 (50.0) | 23 (37.1) |
| Ischemia, n (%) | |||||
| Extremities | 14 (6.3) | 9 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (8.1) |
| Intestinal | 10 (4.5) | 7 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (4.8) |
Data presents as median (IQR), mean ± SD, or n (%). V-V ECMO, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.