Table 3.
Comparison of FMD, cIMT and arterial stiffness among KD patients with and without CAA, and healthy children.
| KD with CAA | KD without CAA | Healthy control | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FMDs (%) | 5.59 (3.99–6.86)∗ | 7.03 (5.04–9.50) | 7.49 (5.96–9.42)∗ | 0.036 | |
| FMDd (%) | 6.48 (4.14–7.32)∗ | 7.87 (5.52–10.02) | 7.87 (6.19–9.98)∗ | 0.035 | |
| cIMT-left (mm) | 0.40 (0.30–0.50) | 0.40 (0.30–0.40) | 0.30 (0.30–0.40) | 0.454 | |
| β-value-left | 3.60 (3.10–3.80) | 3.00 (2.50–3.70) | 3.40 (3.00–4.40) | 0.066 | |
| AI-left (%) | −7.70 (−10.20–1.00) | −5.50 (−11.00–2.3) | −4.3 (−6.98–8.05) | 0.316 | |
| cIMT-right (mm) | 0.40 (0.30–0.40) | 0.40 (0.30–0.40) | 0.30 (0.30–0.40) | 0.373 | |
| β-value-right | 3.50 (3.00–4.10) | 3.32 (2.80–3.90) | 3.50 (3.00–4.38) | 0.420 | |
| AI-right (%) | −7.60 (−9.60–6.80) | −5.60 (−10.80–2.0) | −4.60 (−8.33–9.33) | 0.238 | |
| LCA (mm) | 4.50 (4.13–5.82)∗† | 3.43 (3.04–3.65)† | 3.23 (2.90–3.76)∗ | <0.001 | |
| LAD (mm) | 4.08 (3.18–4.84)∗ | 2.82 (2.34–3.15)∗ | 3.01 (2.86–3.32) | <0.001 | |
| RCA (mm) | 5.36 (3.82–6.31)∗† | 2.68 (2.42–3.33)† | 2.61 (1.94–3.11)∗ | <0.001 | |
| LCA z score | 2.83 (1.98–3.80)∗† | 1.04 (0.56–1.59)† | 0.86 (0.13–1.69)∗ | <0.001 | |
| LAD z score | 2.01 (1.56–2.36)∗ | 1.03 (0.63–1.31)∗ | 1.13 (0.88–1.55) | <0.001 | |
| RCA z score | 3.49 (2.14–4.27)∗† | 1.07 (0.59–1.65)† | 0.88 (0.1–1.43)∗ | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: AI: augmentation index; cIMT: carotid intima media thickness; FMDd: diastolic flow-mediated dilation; FMDs: systolic flow-mediated dilation; LCA: left main coronary artery; LAD: left anterior descending branch of coronary artery; RCA: right coronary artery. Data are presented as medians (interquartile range), or the number with the proportion of the number, n (%), compared among three groups by using either Kruskal Wallis test or Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. (∗ and †, p < 0.05 individually indicative of pair-comparisons with post-hoc Bonferroni correction between two groups).