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. 2023 May 30;10:1093827. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1093827

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Copyright © 2023 Minakawa, Matsuzaki, Yao, Sagara, Akasaka, Koga, Ishii, Hashimoto and Sawamura.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The result of various immunological tests at the first visit and at the time of relapse. (a, b) At the first visit, indirect immunofluorescence of 1M NaCl-split skin showing positive reactivity with dermal side for IgG antibodies (a) and with epidermal side for IgM antibodies (b). (c) The results of IgG immunoblotting of normal human dermal extract. The serum at the first visit (lane 4), but not the serum at the relapse (lane 5), reacted with the 290 kDa type VII collagen. (d–g) Direct immunofluorescence at the time of relapse showing positive results for IgG (d), IgM (e), and C3c (f) but negative for IgA (g). (h, i) At the time of relapse, indirect immunofluorescence of 1M NaCl-split skin showing positive reactivity with dermal side for IgG antibodies (h) and with epidermal side for IgM antibodies (i) (all of the immunofluorescence figures: original magnification, ×200).