Table 2.

Study participants’ substance use characteristics

Substance Use	Total (N = 45)	Percentage (%)
Substances
Polysubstancea	24	53
Stimulants	9	20
Opioids	12	27
Frequency of Use
Daily	35	78
Weekly	10	22

^a‘Polysubstance’ use included reference to using two or more categories of substances, primarily opioids and stimulants, as well as using speedballs (a combination of stimulants and opioids). ‘Stimulants’ primarily included uppers such as cocaine, crack-cocaine and amphetamines including methamphetamine/crystal meth; ‘Opioids’ primarily included downers including both illegal and pharmaceutical opioids such as hydromorphone, heroin and fentanyl, but excluded references to OAT such as buprenorphine with naloxone or methadone