Table 1.

Clinical and CMR characteristics of overall study population compared to control population

	Overall population (n = 42)	Control population (n = 20)	P value
Age (± SD)	48.1 ± 15.4	53.3 ± 22.5	0.745
Male gender (%)	21 (50%)	7 (35%)	0.004
BMI (± SD)	26.4 ± 7.1	24.2 ± 3.5	0.234
BSA (m2 ± SD)	1.8 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.3	0.412
EDV (ml ± SD)	187 ± 55.9	118 ± 39.2	0.003
EDVi (ml/m2 ± SD)	101 ± 28.9	61.2 ± 17.3	0.003
ESV (ml ± SD)	82.1 ± 30.6	40.1 ± 21.5	0.004
EF (% ± SD)	56.5 ± 7.9	60.2 ± 8.3	0.097
LV mass (g/m2 ± SD)	63.9 ± 15.4	62.1 ± 15.2	0.874
MAD length (mm ± SD)	9.3 ± 4.1	–
MR		–
– Mild	7 (16%)
– Moderate	25 (60%)
– Severe	10 (24%)
Native T1 relaxation times (ms ± SD))
– Anterior wall	1015 ± 91	1005 ± 101	0.154
– Anterolateral wall	1047 ± 70	994 ± 113	0.254
– Inferolateral wall	1083 ± 65	1001 ± 55	0.423
– Inferior wall	1101 ± 64	974 ± 64	0.041
– Inferoseptal wall	1074 ± 56	978 ± 85	0.078
– Anteroseptal wall	1063 ± 46	1011 ± 62	0.456
– Mean	1097 ± 45	1010 ± 26	0.002
ECV (% ± SD)
– Anterior wall	0.27 ± 0.04	0.25 ± 0.04	0.041
– Anterolateral wall	0.29 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.04	0.004
– Inferolatera wall	0.30 ± 0.05	0.25 ± 0.04	0.005
– Inferior wall	0.30 ± 0.03	0.26 ± 0.04	0.001
– Inferoseptal wall	0.29 ± 0.04	0.26 ± 0.03	0.004
– Anteroseptal wall	0.30 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.04	0.002
– Mean	0.30 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.04	0.022
GLS (± SD)	− 25.8 ± 8.7	− 26.7 ± 9.4	0.256
LS basal (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 21.2 ± 4.5	− 22.8 ± 10.6	0.771
– Anterolateral wall	− 27.2 ± 10.5	− 25.6 ± 6.3	0.715
– Inferolateral wall	− 20.0 ± 8.4	− 24.6 ± 7.8	0.087
– Inferior wall	− 20.7 ± 7.5	− 24.4 ± 9.6	0.047
– Inferoseptal wall	− 17.6 ± 9.4	− 18.8 ± 9.5	0.457
– Anteroseptal wall	− 22.1 ± 4.5	− 22.5 ± 9.6	0.541
– Mean	− 22.1 ± 6.7	− 25.5 ± 11.4	0.521
LS mid–wall (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 21.8 ± 11.2	− 22.53 ± 7.6	0.771
– Anterolateral wall	− 22.7 ± 9.1	− 26.7 ± 11.6	0.715
– Inferolateral wall	− 25.7 ± 7.3	− 22.9 ± 9.7	0.087
– Inferior wall	− 21.9 ± 9.9	− 24.8 ± 7.5	0.087
– Inferoseptal wall	− 25.7 ± 8.3	− 27.1 ± 6.7	0.457
– Anteroseptal wall	− 22.7 ± 9.1	− 18.9 ± 9.1	0.541
– Mean	− 23.5 ± 8.7	− 22.1 ± 7.8	0.521
LS apical (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 28.7 ± 14.5	− 27.9 ± 9.6	0.715
– Septal wall	− 26.7 ± 11.4	− 33.2 ± 19.0	0.287
– Lateral wall	− 23.4 ± 8.1	− 21.0 ± 13.9	0.474
– Inferior wall	− 28.0 ± 12.6	− 34.8 ± 15.5	0.457
– Mean	− 25.6 ± 12.9	− 28.3 ± 18.0	0.541
CS basal (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 25.1 ± 4.1	− 26.7 ± 4.7	0.871
– Anterolateral wall	− 27.1 ± 5.1	− 24.1 ± 5.1	0.215
– Inferolateral wall	− 24.2 ± 5.8	− 27.1 ± 5.4	0.451
– Inferior wall	− 19.7 ± 5.4	− 27.6 ± 7.2	0.021
– Inferoseptal wall	− 23.4 ± 8.1	− 27.5 ± 5.5	0.457
– Anteroseptal wall	− 22.4 ± 7.0	− 24.5 ± 5.8	0.541
– Mean	− 24.2 ± 4.5	− 25.6 ± 4.5	0.521
CS mid-ventricular (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 20.8 ± 4.2	− 21.5 ± 5.6	0.871
– Anterolateral wall	− 21.2 ± 5.5	− 22.5 ± 6.7	0.215
– Inferolateral wall	− 22.9 ± 7.5	− 26.4 ± 7.7	0.048
– Inferior wall	− 16.1 ± 7.7	− 22.6 ± 3.6	0.021
– Inferoseptal wall	− 20.8 ± 6.1	− 21.5 ± 7.6	0.457
– Anteroseptal wall	− 21.5 ± 7.9	− 22.5 ± 6.8	0.541
– Mean	− 20.5 ± 4.5	− 21.5 ± 5.6	0.52
CS apical (± SD)
– Anterior wall	− 28.6 ± 12.2	− 29.7 ± 11.5	0.401
– Septal wall	− 29.4 ± 21.0	− 30.5 ± 5.2	0.782
– Inferior wall	− 32.4 ± 13.7	− 28.7 ± 12.5	0.094
– Lateral wall	− 32.7 ± 13.1	− 35.6 ± 12.5	0.357
– Mean	− 28.1 ± 6.8	− 32.5 ± 11.5	0.541

Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold

BMI body mass index, EDV end-diastolic volume, EDVi end-diastolic volume indexed. ESV end-systolic volume, EF ejection fraction, LV left ventricle, MAD mitro-annular disjunction, MR mitral regurgitation, ECV extracellular volume fraction, GLS global longitudinal strain, LS longitudinal strain, CS circumferential strain