Table 3.
General characteristics of participants in relation to the experience of strict overtreatment
| Characteristic | Strict overtreatment | Χ2 (P-value) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Gender | Male | 638 (95.8) | 28 (4.2) |
0.119 (0.73) |
| Female | 1,027 (95.45) | 49 (4.55) | ||
| Age group (years) | 18–29 | 154 (95.06) | 8 (4.94) |
5.785 (0.216) |
| 30–39 | 162 (98.18) | 3 (1.82) | ||
| 40–49 | 229 (1.82) | 9 (3.78) | ||
| 50–64 | 523 (96.14) | 21 (3.86) | ||
| > 65 | 597 (94.31) | 36 (5.69) | ||
| Educational level | < Middle school | 410 (95.57) | 19 (4.43) |
8.245 (0.016) |
| High school | 447 (97.81) | 10 (2.19) | ||
| >College | 808 (94.39) | 48 (5.61) | ||
| Region | City | 633 (95.33) | 31 (4.67) |
0.157 (0.692) |
| Rural | 1,032 (95.73) | 46 (4.27) | ||
| Marital status | Married | 1,227 (95.26) | 61 (4.74) |
1.263 (0.532) |
| Single | 127 (96.95) | 4 (3.05) | ||
| Divorced, widowed, etc. | 311 (96.28) | 12 (3.72) | ||
| Economic activity | No | 809 (95.29) | 40 (4.71) |
0.332 (0.564) |
| Yes | 856 (95.86) | 37 (4.14) | ||
|
Household income quintile |
1 (lowest) | 403 (96.18) | 16 (3.82) |
5.442 (0.245) |
| 2 | 379 (94.99) | 20 (5.01) | ||
| 3 | 288 (93.51) | 20 (6.49) | ||
| 4 | 285 (96.28) | 11 (3.72) | ||
| 5 (highest) | 310 (96.88) | 10 (3.13) | ||
| Type of health coverage | NHI (employee) | 1,120 (95.73) | 50 (4.27) |
0.184 (0.912) |
| NHI (employer) | 406 (95.31) | 20 (4.69) | ||
| Medical Aid | 139 (95.21) | 7 (4.79) | ||
| Status of PHI | Uninsured | 226 (96.17) | 9 (3.83) |
0.224 (0.636) |
| Insured | 1,439 (95.49) | 68 (4.51) | ||
| General tertiary hospital | No | 1,383 (96.18) | 55 (3.82) |
6.915 (0.009) |
| Yes | 282 (92.76) | 22 (7.24) | ||
| General hospital | No | 1,105 (95.42) | 53 (4.58) |
0.200 (0.654) |
| Yes | 560 (95.89) | 24 (4.11) | ||
| Surgery | No | 873 (96.57) | 31 (3.43) |
4.368 (0.037) |
| Yes | 792 (94.51) | 46 (5.49) | ||
| Chronic disease | No | 1,057 (96.35) | 40 (3.65) |
4.2 (0.04) |
| Yes | 608 (94.26) | 37 (5.74) | ||
| Disabled | No | 1,473 (95.4) | 71 (4.6) |
1.021 (0.312) |
| Yes | 192 (96.97) | 6 (3.03) | ||
| Subjective health status | Good | 426 (98.38) | 7 (1.62) |
10.82 (0.004) |
| Mild | 730 (94.81) | 40 (5.19) | ||
| Bad | 509 (94.43) | 30 (5.57) | ||
| Health recovery | No | 742 (93.45) | 52 (6.55) |
15.65 (0.000) |
| Yes | 923 (97.36) | 25 (2.64) | ||
| Total | 1,665 (95.58) | 77 (4.42) | 1,742 | |
Note: NHI: National Health Insurance; PHI: Private Health Insurance