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. 2023 Jun 15;24:175. doi: 10.1186/s12882-023-03238-7

Table 3.

AEs in the HCQ and systemic CS groups

HCQ group (n = 39) CS group (n = 39) P value
Total AEsa 5 (12.8%) 12 (30.8%) 0.055
 Pneumonia 0 (0) 1 (2.6%)
 Gastrointestinal infection 0 (0) 1 (2.6%)
 Newly diagnosed diabetes 0 (0) 1 (2.6%)
 Arthralgia 0 (0) 3 (7.7%)
 Palpitations 1 (2.5%) 3 (7.7%)
 Increase of liver enzymes 0 (0) 2 (5.1%)
 Nausea 2 (5.1%) 0 (0)
 Insomnia 0 (0) 1 (2.6%)
 Skin pigmentation 2 (5.1%) 0 (0)

Multiple occurrences of the same AE in one person were only counted once

Abbreviations: AEs adverse events, ALT alanine aminotransferase

a Number of patients with at least one event