Table 2.

Association Between OSA–Hypopnea Index and Incident Hospitalization With Pneumonia Infection: The ARIC Study, 1996-1998 Through 2018 (N = 1,586)

	OSA Category				P for Trend
	Normal	Mild	Moderate	Severe
	< 5 Events/h	5-14 Events/h	15-29 Events/h	≥ 30 Events/h
No.	814	475	202	95
Any incident hospitalization with pneumonia, n	109	79	41	24
Person-y at risk	14,700	8,289	3,471	1,535
Crude pneumonia infection incidence rate (per 1,000 person-y)	7.4	9.5	11.8	15.6
Model 1 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.08 (0.81-1.45)	1.32 (0.91-1.92)	1.77 (1.13-2.76)	.01
Model 2 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.19 (0.88-1.61)	1.34 (0.92-1.95)	1.87 (1.19-2.95)	.01
Model 3 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.14 (0.84-1.55)	1.24 (0.85-1.83)	1.62 (0.99-2.63)	.05
Model 4 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.13 (0.83-1.53)	1.23 (0.83-1.80)	1.62 (0.99-2.63)	.06
Model 5 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.15 (0.85-1.56)	1.25 (0.85-1.84)	1.55 (0.95-2.51)	.07
Model 6 hazard ratio (95% CI)	1 (reference)	1.15 (0.85-1.56)	1.29 (0.87-1.90)	1.54 (0.95-2.51)	0.06

ARIC = Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities.

Model 1: Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, and center.

Model 2: Model 1 + adjustment for education, sports index, drinking status, and smoking status.

Model 3: Model 2 + adjustment for BMI.

Model 4: Model 3 + adjustment for prevalent asthma and prevalent COPD.

Model 5: Model 4 + adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), diabetes, and prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Model 6: Model 5 + adjustment for log(C-reactive protein).