Table 1.
Participant characteristics by group
| Variable | Control (n=71) |
PTSD (n=81) |
TBI (n=43) |
TBI & PTSD (n=94) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 71.4 (5.8) | 68.2 (3.3) | 70.4 (5.4) | 69.8 (3.1) |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 16.1 (2.1) | 14.5 (2.3) | 16.0 (2.3) | 14.8 (2.5) |
| Male, n (%) | 71 (100) | 80 (99) | 43 (100) | 93 (99) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 4 (6) | 10 (12) | 2 (5) | 6 (6) |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Black | 4 (6) | 6 (7) | 4 (9) | 8 (8) |
| Caucasian | 61 (86) | 69 (85) | 37 (86) | 77 (82) |
| Other | 6 (8) | 6 (7) | 2 (5) | 9 (10) |
| American Indian/Alaska native | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.1) |
| Asian | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| More than 1 race | 1 (1.4) | 4 (4.9) | 2 (4.6) | 6 (6.4) |
| Unknown | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) |
|
APOE ε4+, n (%)a |
19 (27) | 19 (24) | 13 (32) | 21 (25) |
| MCI, n (%) | 2 (3) | 16 (20) | 9 (21) | 24 (25) |
| Progress to MCIb, n (%) | 4 (6) | 5 (8) | 1 (3) | 5 (6) |
a
APOE results are missing for 1 Control, 1 PTSD, 3 TBI, and 10 TBI & PTSD participants.
b
percentage calculated out of the cognitively unimpaired participants in each group.
Abbreviations: MCI, mild cognitive impairment; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; TBI, traumatic brain injury.