Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.
| Characteristic | N = 269 |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.2 (±7.0) |
| Female, no. (%) | 170 (63.2%) |
| Education, years | 10.2 (±4.8) |
| Medical aid type insurance, no. (%) | 4 (1.5%) |
| Follow‐up duration, years | 4.0 (±1.3) |
| Number of cognitive tests, no (range) | 2 (2–5) 2 |
| Interval between cognitive tests, years | 2.7 (±1.2) |
| APOE4 carriers, no. (%) | 144 (53.5%) |
| K‐MMSE total score | 23.5 (±3.2) |
| CDR, no. (%) | |
| 0.5 | 227 (84.4%) |
| 1.0 | 42 (15.6%) |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 152 (56.5%) |
| Type 2 diabetes, no. (%) | 55 (20.4%) |
| Dyslipidemia, no. (%) | 68 (25.3%) |
| Stroke, no. (%) | 19 (7.1%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 (±3.7) |
| CO (ppm) 1 | 0.57 (±0.11) |
| NO2 (ppm) 1 | 0.03 (±0.01) |
| SO2 (ppm) 1 | 0.01 (±0.001) |
| PM10 (ng/m3) 1 | 0.05 (±0.01) |
| PM2.5 (ng/m3) 1 , 3 | 0.03 (±0.003) |
Plus‐minus values are mean ± SD.
APOE4, apolipoprotein E ε4; BMI, body mass index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating®; CO, carbon monoxide; K‐MMSE, Korean version of the Mini‐Mental Status Exam; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; PM, particulate matter; SO2, sulfur dioxide.
1
Normalized hourly cumulative value.
2
Median with range.
3
N = 251.