Table 4.
Effects of chronic exposure to air pollutants and APOE4 carrier status on the rate of cognitive declines.
| Predictor | Language domain | Visuospatial domain | Memory domain | Executive domain | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | β (95% CI) | p | |
| CO × APOE4 × year | 0.49 (−0.29–1.26) | 0.224 | 0.48 (−1.11–2.08) | 0.558 | −0.20 (−0.90–0.51) | 0.587 | 0.62 (−0.47–1.71) | 0.266 |
| NO2 × APOE4 × year | 6.54 (−3.59–16.67) | 0.208 | 4.07 (−16.72–24.87) | 0.702 | −5.24 (−14.49–4.01) | 0.269 | 6.88 (−7.40–21.15) | 0.348 |
| SO2 × APOE4 × year | 17.57 (−88.32–123.69) | 0.746 | 29.83 (−182.92–242.75) | 0.785 | −23.60 (−117.72–70.33) | 0.622 | 43.62 (−99.97–187.16) | 0.552 |
| PM10 × APOE4 × year | −7.27 (−23.84–9.28) | 0.393 | −16.11 (−49.85–17.47) | 0.351 | −5.14 (−20.11–9.85) | 0.504 | 1.02 (−22.18–24.24) | 0.932 |
| PM2.5 × APOE4 × year | −13.85 (−45.40–17.71) | 0.394 | −94.21 (−155.98–32.44) | 0.003 1 | −14.59 (−42.21–13.05) | 0.306 | −30.59 (−73.44–12.28) | 0.166 |
Data represent the results of linear mixed model analysis for longitudinal cognitive scores using a three‐way interaction term between air pollutants, APOE4 carrier status, and year (air pollutants × APOE4 × year) as a predictor. The covariates included age, sex, education, and baseline CDR.
APOE4, apolipoprotein E ε4; BMI, body mass index; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; CO, carbon monoxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; PM, particulate matter; SO2, sulfur dioxide.
1
Significant after multiple comparison corrections across five air pollutants using the false discovery rate method.