Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible participants and plasma samples.
| Characteristics | 1st year | 2nd year | 3rd year | 4th year | Eligible participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1065 | 836 | 1024 | 875 | 1470 (3800 samples) |
| Age | 54.3 (15.3) | 55.2 (14.6) | 53.9 (15.6) | 55.4 (14.8) | 54.6 (15.1) |
| Sex (male/female) | 403/662 | 305/531 | 400/624 | 355/520 | 573/897 |
| MMSE scores | 29.3 (1.3) | 29.3 (1.3) | 29.3 (1.4) | 29.4 (1.2) | 29.3 (1.3) |
| Renal impairment moderate/severe (N (%)) | 84 (7.9)/1 (0.0) | 68 (8.1)/1 (0.0) | 84 (8.2)/0 (0.0) | 82 (9.3)/0 (0.0) | |
| Hypertension (N (%)) | 346 (32.5) | 161 (19.3) | 251 (24.5) | 166 (18.9) | |
| Overweight (N (%)) | 223 (20.9) | 196 (23.4) | 247 (24.1) | 215 (24.5) | |
| Dyslipidemia (N (%)) | 303 (28.5) | 266 (31.8) | 334 (32.6) | 279 (31.9) | |
| Diabetes (N (%)) | 10 (0.9) | 8 (1.0) | 34 (3.3) | 26 (3.0) | |
| APOE genotype (number) | |||||
| APOE‐ε2/ε2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| APOE‐ε2/ε3 | 72 | 50 | 73 | 60 | 101 |
| APOE‐ε3/ε3 | 772 | 609 | 730 | 629 | 1060 |
| APOE‐ε2/ε4 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 12 |
| APOE‐ε3/ε4 | 204 | 161 | 200 | 170 | 282 |
| APOE‐ε4/ε4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 13 |
| Aβ levels | |||||
| Aβ40 (pmol/mL) | 105.5 (15.5) | 100.1 (15.3) | 102.6 (15.2) | 100.0 (15.4) | 102.3 (15.5) |
| Aβ42 (pmol/mL) | 11.4 (1.7) | 10.9 (1.7) | 12.3 (2.1) | 11.7 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.0) |
| Aβ40/42 ratio | 9.3 (1.1) | 9.3 (1.0) | 8.4 (1.2) | 8.6 (1.0) | 8.9 (1.1) |
MMSE, mini‐mental state examination; Aβ, amyloid‐beta.
Age: mean and standard deviation; Sex: number; MMSE scores: mean and standard deviation; Aß levels: mean and standard deviation.
Moderate renal impairment was defined as eGFR ≥30 mL/min/m2 and eGFR <60 mL/min/m2; severe renal impairment was defined as eGFR <30 mL/min/m2; hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg; overweight was defined as body mass index ≥25; dyslipidemia was defined as low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥140 mg/dL, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL, or triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; diabetes was defined as blood sugar ≥126 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%.