Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Year | Sample(n) | Age | IL-4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TB/HC | TB | HC | TB | HC | Unit | ||
| Abedini A | 2020 | 24/30 | 55.25 ± 21.58 | 52.2 ± 12.54 | 12.44 ± 2.06 | 2.48 ± 0.55 | pg/mL |
| Abhimanyu (EP-TB) | 2016 | 50/84 | 25 ± 1.7 | 27 ± 5 | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | pg/mL |
| Abhimanyu (PTB) | 2016 | 84/84 | 32 ± 2.6 | 27 ± 5 | 8.5 ± 12 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | pg/mL |
| Ashenafi S (BAL) | 2014 | 22/10 | 27.24 ± 8.11 | 28.49 ± 9.05 | 48.45 ± 62.37 | 15.2 ± 14.16 | pg/mL |
| Ashenafi S (Plasma) | 2014 | 22/10 | 27.24 ± 8.11 | 28.49 ± 9.05 | 50.68 ± 19.53 | 23.5 ± 17.02 | pg/mL |
| Bai R (Active PTB) | 2019 | 46/30 | NA | NA | 5.13 ± 1.32 | 4.87 ± 1.23 | pg/mL |
| Bai R (LTB) | 2019 | 38/30 | NA | NA | 5.02 ± 1.43 | 4.87 ± 1.23 | pg/mL |
| Bai XJ | 2018 | 215/29 | 34.1 ± 12.3 | 38.1 ± 7.3 | 0.94 ± 0.9 | 1.65 ± 0.81 | pg/mL |
| Baliko Z | 1998 | 13/11 | 47.1 ± 16 | 34.1 ± 9.4 | 5.76 ± 1.36 | 5.72 ± 1.48 | pg/mL |
| Benjamin R | 2013 | 57/57 | NA | NA | 20.26 ± 4.58 | 14.56 ± 2.66 | pg/mL |
| Chukwuanukwu RC (Active PTB) | 2016 | 41/35 | 36.5 ± 13.5 | 37.3 ± 11.6 | 28.77 ± 52.86 | 49.5 ± 43.3 | pg/mL |
| Chukwuanukwu RC (LTB) | 2016 | 30/35 | 36.3 ± 10.6 | 37.3 ± 11.6 | 5.5 ± 8.8 | 49.5 ± 43.3 | pg/mL |
| Cui HY | 2010 | 36/30 | 38 ± 17 | 45 ± 10 | 37.04 ± 13.34 | 31.66 ± 3.43 | µg/mL |
| Deveci F (Active PTB) | 2005 | 20/9 | 38.7 ± 18.51 | 33.7 ± 4.27 | 33.5 ± 2.6 | 33.9 ± 1.9 | pg/mL |
| Deveci F (LTB) | 2005 | 9/9 | 35.67 ± 18.02 | 33.7 ± 4.27 | 32.4 ± 2.2 | 33.9 ± 1.9 | pg/mL |
| Dubaniewicz A | 2007 | 20/20 | 45.9 ± 16.7 | 33.9 ± 11 | 6.5 ± 1.26 | 9 ± 1.7 | pg/mL |
| Huang SF (Active PTB) | 2019 | 25/23 | 56.3 ± 5.5 | 48.9 ± 4.3 | 0.27 ± 0.1 | 0.36 ± 0.1 | µg/dL |
| Huang SF (LTB) | 2019 | 32/23 | 45 ± 3.14 | 48.3 ± 4.3 | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.1 | µg/dL |
| Kart L | 2003 | 43/19 | 36.4 ± 15.5 | 34.9 ± 12.7 | 0.5 ± 1 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | pg/mL |
| kathamuthu GR (Active PTB) | 2021 | 44/44 | 28.4 ± 7.5 | 36.7 ± 8.4 | 178 ± 25.46 | 64.6 ± 17.88 | pg/mL |
| kathamuthu GR (LTB) | 2021 | 44/44 | 37.4 ± 9.8 | 36.7 ± 8.4 | 36.57 ± 10.86 | 64.6 ± 17.88 | pg/mL |
| Korma W (Active EP-TB) | 2020 | 23/51 | NA | NA | 78.98 ± 59.44 | 75.35 ± 48.46 | pg/mL |
| Korma W (Active PTB) | 2020 | 35/51 | NA | NA | 82.33 ± 58.21 | 75.35 ± 48.46 | pg/mL |
| Korma W (LTB) | 2020 | 42/51 | NA | NA | 60.88 ± 50.86 | 75.35 ± 48.46 | pg/mL |
| Kumar NP (EP-TB) | 2013 | 22/19 | 7.4 ± 3.4 | 8.8 ± 3.5 | 7.02 ± 1.98 | 9.45 ± 2.36 | pg/mL |
| Kumar NP (PTB) | 2013 | 14/19 | 8.6 ± 4 | 8.8 ± 3.5 | 8.35 ± 2.12 | 9.45 ± 2.36 | pg/mL |
| Li BX (Active PTB) | 2012 | 46/30 | 34.8 ± 11 | 35.8 ± 9.5 | 5 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | pg/mL |
| Li BX (LTB) | 2012 | 38/30 | 43.2 ± 14.2 | 35.8 ± 9.5 | 4.8 ± 1.6 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | pg/mL |
| Liu Q (MTB) | 2018 | 17/11 | 36.9 ± 11.7 | 50.19 ± 6.9 | 59.06 ± 39.82 | 5.07 ± 2.66 | pg/mL |
| Liu QY | 2018 | 124/52 | NA | NA | 318.26 ± 27.69 | 150.04 ± 20.88 | ng/mL |
| Mendez A (MTB) | 2010 | 19/29 | NA | NA | 54.23 ± 13.17 | 47.47 ± 17.78 | pg/mL |
| Mendez A (PTB) | 2010 | 34/29 | NA | NA | 48.13 ± 24.55 | 47.47 ± 17.78 | pg/mL |
| Mendez A (RTB) | 2010 | 21/29 | NA | NA | 60.07 ± 65.21 | 47.47 ± 17.78 | pg/mL |
| Moideen K (Active PTB) | 2020 | 44/44 | 39.3 ± 7.9 | 36.7 ± 8.4 | 5.02 ± 3.36 | 2.27 ± 2.89 | pg/mL |
| Moideen K (LTB) | 2020 | 44/44 | 37.4 ± 9.8 | 36.7 ± 8.4 | 3.1 ± 3.6 | 2.27 ± 2.89 | pg/mL |
| Mustafa T | 2015 | 61/23 | 30.7 ± 12.7 | NA | 1.43 ± 3.99 | 0.59 ± 1.11 | pg/mL |
| Sharma RK | 2016 | 17/18 | NA | NA | 8.41 ± 4.25 | 7.46 ± 5.41 | pg/mL |
| Stalenhoef JE | 2008 | 34/36 | 43 ± 7.1 | 45 ± 8.6 | 164.84 ± 38.69 | 136.67 ± 48.64 | pg/mL |
| Sun H | 2022 | 54/27 | NA | NA | 180 ± 18 | 121 ± 9 | pg/mL |
| Sun XL (Active PTB) | 2022 | 63/62 | NA | NA | 80.36 ± 25.64 | 51.06 ± 12.68 | ng/L |
| Sun XL (LTB) | 2022 | 63/62 | NA | NA | 56.33 ± 15.87 | 51.06 ± 12.68 | ng/L |
| Talat N | 2011 | 19/37 | 31.53 ± 13.3 | 24.81 ± 14.7 | 10.06 ± 5.01 | 4.6 ± 7.3 | pg/mL |
| Tan Q (MDR TB) | 2012 | 23/25 | 42.9 ± 11.7 | 41.1 ± 7.4 | 6.62 ± 4.64 | 3.72 ± 1.61 | pg/mL |
| Tan Q (Without MDR TB) | 2012 | 25/25 | 39.7 ± 11.4 | 41.1 ± 7.4 | 82.87 ± 32.69 | 3.72 ± 1.61 | pg/mL |
| Thillai M (BAL) | 2012 | 12/16 | 43.4 ± 16.2 | 28 ± 6.78 | 1.9 ± 0.71 | 0.33 ± 0.54 | pg/mL |
| Thillai M (Serum) | 2012 | 15/40 | 38.16 ± 13.22 | 32.8 ± 9.3 | 0.15 ± 0.23 | 2.97 ± 3.09 | pg/mL |
| Wang L | 2002 | 124/100 | 51 ± 4 | 49 ± 9 | 0.439 ± 0.16 | 0.421 ± 0.024 | pg/mL |
| Yan LP (Active PTB) | 2013 | 43/40 | 43 ± 15 | 40 ± 15 | 60.1 ± 39 | 50.4 ± 25 | ng/L |
| Yan LP (LTB) | 2013 | 39/40 | 39 ± 17 | 40 ± 15 | 91 ± 57.9 | 50.4 ± 25 | ng/L |
| Zhang J | 2016 | 48/20 | 51.54 ± 14.36 | 45.4 ± 16.6 | 2.08 ± 0.37 | 1.8 ± 0.15 | pg/mL |
| Zhao Y | 2021 | 280/280 | 55.6 ± 15.93 | 53.39 ± 14.77 | 2.68 ± 0.55 | 1.62 ± 0.17 | pg/mL |
BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage, EP-TB = extrapulmonary tuberculosis, HC = healthy controls, LTB = latent tuberculosis infection, MDR TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, MTB = meningeal tuberculosis, NA = not applicable, PTB = pulmonary tuberculosis, RTB = renal tuberculosis, sIL-4 = interleukin-4, TB = tuberculosis.