Table 2.

Portion size estimation aids selected for each food (%) by adults (aged 18–64 years) living on the island of Ireland, January–February 2013

		Quantities and measures	Reference objects				Household measures					Food packaging
Food group	Food	Scales/jug	Food photos	Hand physiology	Portion pack	Matchbox	200 ml disposable cup	Portion pots	Cutlery	Glass	Measuring spoon	Pack markings	Fractions
Dairy	Cheddar (grated)	14						25	61**
	Cheddar (block)	9				19						72**
Grains	White rice (uncooked)	8					44**	40				8
	Pasta (cooked)	5					21	74**
	Cornflakes	3					19	78**
	Rice Krispies	2					22	76**
Fruit and	Carrots	10					90**
vegetables	Orange juice	34					29					37
Meat dishes	Lasagne	18	82**
	Chicken pieces	35		65*
	Beef curry	18	82**
High fat/sugar	Cake	2	28										69**
	Spread	2			26				72**
	Crisps	100
	White wine	3						23		73**
	Mayonnaise			5					59**		36

Significant differences in percentage of participants selecting portion size estimation aids (χ ² goodness-of-fit test): *P<0·01, **P<0·001.