Table 3.
Odds of not having fruits and vegetables in the home very often; Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study (n 2669), California, USA, 2012–2013
| Crude model | Demographic model | SES model | Full model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Maternal age (years) | ||||||||
| 20–29 | 2·02*** | 1·49, 2·72 | 1·35 | 0·98, 1·87 | 1·13 | 0·80, 1·59 | 1·15 | 0·82, 1·62 |
| 30–39 | 1·36* | 1·07, 1·73 | 1·07 | 0·83, 1·38 | 1·01 | 0·78, 1·31 | 1·02 | 0·79, 1·33 |
| ≥40 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Previously or never married | 1·67*** | 1·29, 2·17 | 1·43* | 1·08, 1·91 | 1·31 | 0·98, 1·76 | 1·32 | 0·98, 1·77 |
| Married or living together | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| African American | 3·65*** | 2·48, 5·35 | 2·91*** | 1·93, 4·39 | 2·27*** | 1·46, 3·53 | 2·40*** | 1·54, 3·75 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1·93** | 1·25, 2·97 | 1·99** | 1·29, 3·07 | 2·09** | 1·35, 3·24 | 2·10*** | 1·35, 3·26 |
| Latina, US-born | 3·54*** | 2·52, 4·97 | 3·03*** | 2·11, 4·34 | 2·21*** | 1·50, 3·26 | 2·27*** | 1·54, 3·35 |
| Latina, immigrant | 4·05*** | 3·00, 5·47 | 3·77*** | 2·77, 5·13 | 1·71** | 1·16, 2·52 | 1·77** | 1·20, 2·63 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. |
| Educational attainment | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 4·56*** | 3·38, 6·17 | 2·76*** | 1·79, 4·25 | 2·85*** | 1·84, 4·40 | ||
| High-school graduate/GED | 3·06*** | 2·25, 4·16 | 1·82** | 1·20, 2·76 | 1·84** | 1·21, 2·80 | ||
| Some college | 1·67** | 1·22, 2·28 | 1·14 | 0·79, 1·64 | 1·15 | 0·80, 1·65 | ||
| College graduate | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Family income (% of federal poverty level) | ||||||||
| ≤100 % | 4·23*** | 3·06, 5·84 | 1·73* | 1·07, 2·78 | 1·81* | 1·12, 2·92 | ||
| 101–200 % | 3·75*** | 2·63, 5·34 | 1·99** | 1·25, 3·15 | 2·03** | 1·28, 3·23 | ||
| 201–300 % | 2·47*** | 1·62, 3·76 | 1·57 | 0·99, 2·52 | 1·57 | 0·98, 2·52 | ||
| 301–400 % | 1·83* | 1·13, 2·96 | 1·51 | 0·91, 2·51 | 1·51 | 0·91, 2·52 | ||
| >400 % | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||
| Missing | 4·52*** | 3·03, 6·74 | 2·17** | 1·36, 3·44 | 2·23*** | 1·40, 3·54 | ||
| Longitudinal neighbourhood poverty | ||||||||
| Long-term high poverty | 1·65** | 1·19, 2·31 | 0·74 | 0·51, 1·08 | ||||
| Long-term moderate poverty | 1·80*** | 1·42, 2·28 | 0·94 | 0·71, 1·23 | ||||
| Long-term low poverty | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·00 | Ref. | ||||
SES, socio-economic status; GED, General Educational Development; Ref., reference category.
*P<0·05, **P<0·01, ***P<0·001.