Table 2.
Unadjusted prevalence of elevated biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease across added sugar quintiles among US adolescents (aged 12–19 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012
| Mean added sugar intake | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: 30·2 g/d | Q2: 58·3 g/d | Q3: 81·8 g/d | Q4: 112·7 g/d | Q5: 186·0 g/d | |||||||
| MetS biomarker/ indicator | Sample size | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI |
| TAG | 1521 | 4·1 | 1·7, 6·5 | 4·7 | 1·8, 7·5 | 9·2* | 5·6, 12·8 | 9·6* | 4·2, 15·1 | 10·3*,† | 5·5, 14·9 |
| HDL-C | 1623 | 10·1 | 6·0, 14·2 | 13·4 | 8·9, 17·9 | 11·5 | 7·6, 15·5 | 19·4*,‡ | 14·4, 24·4 | 23·9*,†,‡ | 18·9, 28·9 |
| TAG:HDL-C | 1521 | 8·2 | 5·0, 11·4 | 10·8 | 5·9, 15·6 | 13·8 | 9·5, 18·1 | 16·0* | 9·6, 22·4 | 16·1* | 10·7, 21·6 |
| BG | 1521 | 20·9 | 15·3, 26·7 | 18·6 | 14·2, 23·1 | 24·6 | 18·7, 30·6 | 20·6 | 14·1, 27·1 | 20·2 | 14·9, 25·5 |
| Insulin | 1503 | 22·8 | 16·0, 29·5 | 26·6 | 21·1, 32·1 | 30·3 | 22·6, 38·0 | 25·8 | 19·2, 32·2 | 18·7†,‡,§ | 14·3, 23·1 |
| HOMA-IR | 1503 | 15·6 | 10·4, 20·8 | 18·9 | 13·9, 23·9 | 17·5 | 12·6, 22·4 | 17·6 | 11·6, 23·7 | 15·7 | 11·6, 19·8 |
| SBP | 1588 | 3·8 | 0·7, 6·9 | 1·5 | 0·2, 2·7 | 4·4 | 1·3, 7·7 | 2·2 | 0·4, 4·0 | 3·7 | 1·0, 6·4 |
| DBP | 1588 | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·3 | 0·2 | 0·0, 0·7 | 0·4 | 0·0, 0·9 | 0·4 | 0·0, 1·0 | 0·8 | 0·0, 2·0 |
| WC | 1623 | 25·5 | 19·4, 31·7 | 23·6 | 19·6, 31·7 | 25·6 | 20·9, 35·9 | 28·4 | 20·9, 35·9 | 21·8 | 16·8, 26·9 |
| Uric acid | 1602 | 35·9 | 29·2, 42·6 | 33·1 | 26·3, 39·7 | 38·7 | 32·8, 44·6 | 43·6 | 34·3, 52·9 | 45·2† | 37·7, 52·7 |
| ALT | 1568 | 14·8 | 8·5, 21·1 | 10·9 | 6·7, 15·3 | 14·6 | 8·6, 20·6 | 13·5 | 8·2, 18·7 | 14·7 | 9·3, 20·1 |
| MetS | 1179 | 4·2 | 0·3, 8·0 | 3·6 | 0·8, 6·3 | 4·2 | 1·5, 6·8 | 6·7† | 2·9, 10·4 | 8·4†,‡ | 4·7, 12·1 |
HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BG, blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
Added sugar quintile ranges: Q1, 0–46 g/d; Q2, 47–69 g/d; Q3, 70–95 g/d; Q4, 96–133 g/d; Q5, 134–500 g/d.
Statistically significant compared with Q1 (P<0·05).
Statistically significant compared with Q2 (Wald test, P<0·05).
Statistically significant compared with Q3 (Wald test, P<0·05).
Statistically significant compared with Q4 (Wald test, P<0·05).