Table 3.
Adjusted prevalence odds ratios (POR) of metabolic syndrome (MetS) biomarkers in relationship to intake of added sugar by quintile among US adolescents (aged 12–19 years), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012: multivariate logistic regression
| Mean added sugar intake | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1: | Q2: 58·3 g/d | Q3: 81·8 g/d | Q4: 112·7 g/d | Q5: 186 gd | ||||||
| MetS biomarker/ indicator | Sample size | 30·2 g/d | POR | 95 % CI | POR | 95 % CI | POR | 95 % CI | POR | 95 % CI |
| TAG | 1521 | Ref. | 1·2 | 0·4, 3·2 | 2·6*,† | 1·2, 5·6 | 2·7* | 1·3, 5·9 | 3·7* | 1·3, 10·9 |
| HDL-C | 1623 | Ref. | 1·6 | 0·7, 3·3 | 1·6 | 0·8, 3·5 | 3·2*,†,‡ | 1·6, 6·4 | 5·2*,†,‡ | 2·4, 11·6 |
| TAG:HDL-C | 1521 | Ref. | 1·5 | 0·8, 2·9 | 2·2* | 1·2, 3·9 | 2·6* | 1·3, 5·1 | 3·0* | 1·3, 6·6 |
| BG | 1521 | Ref. | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·2 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·9 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·5 | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·7 |
| Insulin | 1503 | Ref. | 1·6 | 0·9, 2·7 | 2·1* | 1·2, 3·5 | 1·7* | 1·1, 2·7 | 1·2 | 0·7, 1·9 |
| HOMA-IR | 1503 | Ref. | 1·7* | 1·0, 2·9 | 1·5 | 0·8, 2·9 | 1·6 | 0·7, 3·5 | 1·6 | 0·8, 3·0 |
| SBP | 1588 | Ref. | 0·6 | 0·2, 2·1 | 1·9 | 0·5, 7·1 | 0·7 | 0·1, 3·1 | 1·0 | 0·2, 4·9 |
| DBP | 1588 | Ref. | 3·3 | 0·2, 53·3 | 4·9 | 0·4, 57·9 | 2·1 | 0·1, 36·2 | 7·9 | 0·5, 118·6 |
| WC | 1623 | Ref. | 1·4 | 0·6, 3·2 | 2·0* | 1·0, 4·1 | 2·7* | 1·1, 6·9 | 2·3 | 0·8, 6·7 |
| Uric acid | 1602 | Ref. | 0·9 | 0·5, 1·7 | 1·3 | 0·8, 2·1 | 1·4 | 0·8, 2·6 | 1·4 | 0·8, 2·5 |
| ALT | 1610 | Ref. | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·3 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·9 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·2 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·4 |
| MetS | 1179 | Ref. | 2·4 | 0·6, 9·9 | 5·3* | 1·4, 20·6 | 9·9*,† | 1·9, 50·9 | 8·7* | 1·4, 54·9 |
HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BG, blood glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Ref., reference category.
Added sugar quintile ranges: Q1, 0–46 g/d; Q2, 47–69 g/d; Q3, 70–95 g/d; Q4, 96–133 g/d; Q5, 134–500 g/d.
Statistically significant (P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.
Statistically significant compared with Q2 (Wald test, P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.
Statistically significant compared with Q3 (Wald test, P<0·05) adjusted for physical activity, age, BMI Z-score and energy intake.